Hungarian Plum: Description Of Popular Varieties, Planting And Care Features + Photos And Videos

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 12:53

Hungarian plum: the most common varieties and cultivation features

Hungarian is a semi-official name for a group of plum varieties that are mostly similar in appearance to their fruits. The culture is suitable for growing novice gardeners. The plant is distinguished by abundant yields and fruits of amazing taste, is relatively undemanding to care for and can adapt to a wide range of climatic conditions.

Content

• 1 Characteristic features of the Hungarian plum

  1.1 What a Hungarian plum looks like - video

• 2 Description of the most common varieties

  • 2.1 Moscow
  • 2.2 Belarusian
  • 2.3 Korneevskaya
  • 2.4 Italian
  • 2.5 Pulkovskaya
  • 2.6 Amazing
  • 2.7 Donetsk
  • 2.8 Voronezh
  • 2.9 Michurinskaya
  • 2.10 Bogatyrskaya
  • 2.11 Common (Ugorka, or Home)
  • 2.12 Dubovskaya
  • 2.13 Azhanskaya
• 3 Features of planting and growing
• 4 Reviews of gardeners

Characteristic features of the Hungarian plum

Hungarian plum - a popular garden culture all over the world

Biologists consider the historical homeland of the plum, which later received the name "Hungarian", Asia. It was from there that she began her triumphal march across the planet.

Russia (then the USSR) got acquainted with the culture rather late. The Hungarians “discovered” tasty plums for their neighbors in the socialist bloc. This is what explains the semi-official name, by which domestic gardeners mean varieties of plums that have blue-purple or reddish-purple fruits resembling an ellipse pointed at both ends.

The fruits of the Hungarian plum are easy to distinguish from other plums.

Among other distinctive features of the group of varieties are high sugar content (13-16%), extremely dense pulp (up to 20% dry matter), a side seam that stands out visually and to the touch, a solid layer of whitish or gray-gray bloom, yellowish pulp with greenish or reddish tint. Most of the "Hungarian plums" are self-fertile, bearing fruit regularly every year, giving high yields.

Hungarian plum - the only possible raw material for making real prunes

An adult Hungarian plum tree is 5–6 m tall, with an upwardly elongated crown in the form of an oval or pyramid. Shoots grow very often and have a characteristic reddish brown color.

Plum Hungarian because of the size requires quite a lot of space in the garden

The fruits are small. The maximum possible parameters are 5–6 cm in length and 4–5 cm in diameter. Plums are asymmetrical. If you divide them along the seam, one half will necessarily turn out to be larger than the other, slightly flattened. They divide quite easily, the bone is also freely separated from the pulp.

What is the reason for the people's love for the Hungarian plum? The trees are distinguished by high annual productivity, they tolerate prolonged droughts well. The fruits can be determined for long-term storage, the indicators of transportability are also high.

Not without some flaws. The main disadvantage is the lack of early maturity. You will remove the first fruits from the trees 6–8 years after planting the seedling in a permanent place. But this is more a problem with older varieties. Modern breeding hybrids begin to bear fruit faster.

Among other things, the Hungarian plum blooms very beautifully.

What a Hungarian plum looks like - video

Description of the most common varieties

Moscow

The variety of Hungarian Moskovskaya plum, also known as Tsaritsynskaya, is one of the oldest. It was bred by breeders in 1947 with the expectation of growing in the European part of Russia (specifically, for collective farms located within a radius of 25 km from Moscow). But, in principle, it is suitable for any regions with a temperate climate. A successful hybrid turned out largely by accident - as a result of spontaneous pollination of seedlings of the Hungarian Ordinary (or Home). Its main advantage is cold resistance. The tree tolerates temperatures up to -30 ºС well, it will not die and will recover if some part of the shoots still suffer from frost.

The fruits of the Moscow Hungarian on average weigh about 20 g, some specimens reach 30 g. The rind is quite dense, but tender, covered with a blue-purple bloom with a reddish tint. The pulp is golden honey, harsh, but juicy. Quite a large number of asymmetric and otherwise deformed fruits are caught. The taste for a regionalized culture is not bad, there is sweetness, although, of course, one cannot compare with southern varieties. But the fruits are great for home canning, they tolerate transportation well.

Hungarian Moskovskaya in comparison with the rest of the group is a short tree, it rarely grows above 3–3.5 m. The crown is spreading, dense, almost regular spherical in shape.

You will have to wait a long time for the first harvest, but then the number of collected plums steadily increases, reaching 40–45 kg. Fruits ripen en masse, in the second decade of September. If you pick unripe plums, they will perfectly “reach” at home. The fruits do not crack when the summer is cloudy, cold and rainy.

The variety is self-fertile, but experienced gardeners recommend planting a red Skorospelka nearby to obtain the maximum possible yields.

Hungarian Moskovskaya is most often found on the sites of domestic gardeners

Belarusian

As the name suggests, this is a variety of Belarusian selection. The hybrid was obtained by cross-pollination of Delikatnaya and Stanley plum saplings quite recently - in 2009.

The tree of the Hungarian Belorusskaya reaches 3.5–4 m in height, the crown is in the form of a wide ellipse, spreading, sparse.

Unlike most Hungarians, the first harvest of the Belarusian can be harvested within 3 years after planting. The culture is resistant to clasterosporium disease, tolerates frost well. The yield is consistently high - about 30 kg per mature tree. The variety is positioned by its creators as partially self-fertile. The best pollinators are Victoria, Crooman, Bluefri.

Large plums (35–40 g) with golden-orange flesh ripen in late summer or early autumn. They are quite beautiful - almost the same in size, smooth, bright blue with a thick bluish bloom. The taste is balanced - sweet, with a noticeable piquant sourness. The fruits are suitable for long-term storage, they tolerate transportation well.

Hungarian Belorusskaya is a new variety that is confidently gaining popularity

Korneevskaya

The variety is the result of cross-pollination of Volgogradskaya and Bogatyrskaya plum saplings. The tree is rather tall (4–5 m), with an elongated pyramid-shaped crown. At the base, it is wide, the branches hang down.

Be sure to take care of the props. Under the weight of the harvest, thin shoots may well break, although the culture does not differ in high yields. The maximum that can be obtained from a tree is 25–30 kg of plums.

You will remove the first fruits from the tree 3-4 years after planting the seedling in a permanent place. The variety is self-fertile, it does well without pollinators. Hungarian Korneevskaya well tolerates prolonged drought, heat, winter cold, without losing the quantity and quality of fruits, rarely suffers from diseases typical of stone fruits.

Plums ripen in the last decade of August. Fruits are large (30–35 g), almost all of the same size. The skin is dark, blue-lilac, sometimes a brownish tint is present. Small, almost imperceptible lighter dots are often found. The seam is also practically invisible. The pulp is very tasty, amber, juicy and fleshy. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, they belong to the category of dessert.

The lifespan of the tree, in comparison with other Hungarians, is short - 18–20 years. Korneevskaya blooms in early May. The ripening time of the crop strongly depends on the weather, stretching for almost a month - from mid-August to the end of the first decade of September.

The branches of the Hungarian Korneevskaya definitely need props

Italian

The homeland of the Italian Hungarian plum, as you might guess, is Italy. But not the warmest southern regions, but the north of the Apennine Peninsula, the alpine regions. Therefore, she is not as warmth-loving and effeminate as it might seem at first glance. The variety is quite old, bred in the 50s of the XX century, but is still cultivated all over the world.

The tree is of medium height, about 4 m. The crown is wide, rounded (5-6 m in diameter). The branches hang down noticeably.

The fruits ripen rather late - by mid-September. Plums are large (32–35 g), the skin color is inky purple, the presence of many lighter rounded spots of small diameter and a continuous layer of gray-white bloom is characteristic. The pulp is green-yellow, lime-colored, thickened near the stone. There are also separate scarlet veins. The aroma is weak.

Under proper conditions, the yield of Italian Hungarian is very high - 50–80 kg per mature tree. Maximum performance can be achieved by planting Azhanskaya, Domashnaya, Altana, Ekaterina, Green Renklode plums next to it. The first fruiting occurs 4–5 years after planting.

The variety demonstrates good resistance to clasterosporium and moth, but categorically does not tolerate prolonged drought. All ovaries immediately fall off the tree. Hungarian Italian requires a certain experience and knowledge of agrotechnical techniques from the gardener, as she is quite capricious.

Hungarian Italian takes root only in the southern regions of Russia

Pulkovskaya

With rare exceptions, the Hungarian plum Pulkovskaya is grown only in the Leningrad region. For the first time, its appearance was noted in Pulkovo, Pokrovka, Antropshino.

The tree is tall (5-6 m), the crown is spreading, but sparse, reminiscent of an inverted broom. Quite good indicators of winter hardiness. The first crop is harvested 3 years after planting. Plums ripen without additional pollinating varieties (Winter red, Moskovskaya, Skorospelka red), but with them the yield increases 4–5 times. The culture rarely suffers from aphids and perforated spots, but the fruits crack violently in high humidity. Hungarian Pulkovskaya makes certain requirements for the soil - fertile loam is very desirable.

Plums ripen from mid to late September, in several waves. But you can wait for the latter - the former will not crumble. From one mature tree, 20-25 kg of fruit are removed annually. Plums are rather small (20–25 g), one half is much larger than the other. The characteristic seam is clearly visible. The color of the skin is violet-blue with dark red spots; there is a waxy coating in the form of separate spots. The pulp is pale yellow, granular. Taste qualities for an amateur. Mostly Hungarian Pulkovskaya goes for homemade preparations.

Hungarian Pulkovskaya - a variety that arose by itself

Amazing

Hungarian Izumitelnaya is a self-infertile variety bred by Ukrainian breeders. Choose several varieties of plum that, like her, bloom late as pollinators.

The tree is not too tall - 4–4.5 m. New plants are harvested 4–5 years after planting. Plums are rather small (25–28 g), inky purple in color. The seam and waxy coating are lighter, almost blue. The pulp is yellow-brown, friable, very sweet. It is almost impossible to separate the bone from it.

The fruits of Hungarian Izumitelnaya are distinguished by good keeping quality and transportability, frost resistance, and high resistance to fruit rot

Hungarian Amazing, indeed, has amazing taste

Donetsk

The homeland of the variety is the Donetsk branch of the Institute of Horticulture of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences. A stalk of the Green Renclode variety was grafted onto the crown of the Skorospelka red tree.

Hungarian Donetsk is one of the first to mature. The harvest can be taken as early as the tenth of August. The first fruiting occurs 4–5 years after planting in the ground.

The tree is medium-tall - up to 4.5 m. The crown is spreading, not very dense. Fruiting is regular, but it is far from the record figures of Donetsk. Maximum you will remove 25-30 kg of plums. The average life span of a tree is 17–20 years. The variety is self-fertile, but the presence of other plums nearby increases the yield. Such varieties as Italian, Anna Shpet, Altana, Karbyshev's renklod are suitable.

Hungarian Donetsk needs a suitable soil. On too dry and light sandy soil, the ovaries will regularly crumble.

Fruits are medium in size (about 30 g). The skin is dark purple, with a brown tint and a thick continuous layer of bloom. The side seam is almost invisible. The pulp is dull greenish, olive, juicy and sweet, with a slight sourness. Those who grow Donetsk Hungarian celebrate the amazing taste of prunes and compote from it. The harvested plums can be stored at room temperature for about three weeks and can be transported well.

Hungarian Donetskaya is a rather capricious culture, but its fruits are very tasty

There is another plum with a similar name. Early Donetsk Hungarian is the result of free cross-pollination of seedlings of Violet Renklode (aka Prince) and Hungarian Azhanskaya.

The tree is quite tall (5–5.5 m), with a rounded crown. Young shoots seem to be trying to curl, but straighten with age. With prolonged droughts, the leaves may wither, but this weather will not affect the fruits. The yield is high - 60–70 kg per mature tree.

Medium sized plums (25–30 g) have an amazing taste. This is the opinion of not only breeders, but also independent experts. The skin is dark blue, a slight greenish tint is acceptable. The wax coating is solid, bluish. The pulp is salad-colored, dense to the point that it crunches slightly. Ripe plums can hang from the tree for a month without crumbling.

The variety is self-fertile, but the presence of Donetsk Hungarian, Renklod Karbyshev, on the garden plot, will significantly increase the yield

Many people consider Donetskaya early Hungarian the most delicious of all similar plums.

Voronezh

Hungarian Voronezh - the result of grafting a cuttings of the Green's green plant into the crown of the Red Skorospelka tree. The variety is zoned specifically for cultivation in warm southern regions.

The tree is relatively low (3.5–4.5 m), the crown stretches strongly upward, resembling a broom. The variety is self-fertile. The crop blooms late, so pick up any home plum with a similar flowering period for pollination.

The characteristic features of the Voronezh Hungarian are a long growing season, very late falling leaves, poor resistance to low temperatures and high resistance to common stone fruit diseases. At the same time, if the plant is frozen, it is possible, not without reason, to hope for its recovery.

The fruits are large (slightly less than 40 g), pear-shaped. The skin is violet-brown. The pulp is very tasty, olive-colored, firm and juicy. A pronounced aroma is characteristic. Fruits are suitable both for fresh consumption and for drying, homemade preparations.

If it was cold in summer, most likely the Voronezh Hungarian will not mature on the tree. The plum is ripe during storage.

Hungarian Voronezh often freezes

Michurinskaya

Hungarian Michurinskaya is a medium-ripening plum variety.

Fruits are of medium size (25–30 g), in the form of an almost regular oval, but with a clearly visible “neck” at the peduncle. Plums at the stage of technical maturity have a greenish-blue skin, when fully ripe they are blue-violet. The coating is dense, bluish-gray. The pulp is rich green color with almost imperceptible yellowness, dense, juicy and very tender. Ripe plums literally melt in your mouth. The bone is relatively small. To separate it from the pulp, you need to make an effort.

You can take your time with harvesting. Ripe fruits will not fall off the tree for a month.

As a disadvantage, the peculiarity of the formation of the crown can be noted. Skeletal branches branch off from the tree at an acute angle, so deep cracks form at the growth point. Also, many complain about the plain and unattractive plums. But for an amateur gardener, appearance is far from the main thing.

The flesh of the Hungarian Michurinskaya is very juicy and tender

Bogatyrskaya

The homeland of the variety is the Dubovsky stronghold of the Lower Volga Research Institute of Agriculture. The hybrid was the result of cross-pollination of the Ipolinskaya and Domashnyaya varieties.

The tree is of medium height, the crown is spreading, not too overgrown. Shoots grow initially crooked.

Fruiting - in the second decade of August. Plums are large, about 35 g. The skin is inky-violet, covered with a whitish bloom. Lime-colored pulp, juicy, individual fibers are felt. The bone is poorly separated from it. The taste is balanced, sweet, with a slight sourness.

The variety is self-fertile, does not need pollinators. The yield is annual, and only increases with time. The average figure is 60–70 kg of fruits from one tree. Plum Bogatyrskaya tolerates frosty winters well, rarely suffers from diseases and pests. The fruits tolerate transportation well and are suitable for long-term storage.

As a disadvantage, it is noted that the plum is overloaded with the harvest, if measures are not taken in time. As a result, the fruits become smaller.

Hungarian Bogatyrskaya brings more and more fruits every year

Common (Ugorka, or Home)

Hungarian Ordinary, also known to gardeners under the names Ugorka, Moldavskaya, Domashnaya, is one of the most popular varieties. Among its undoubted advantages are high rates of resistance to typical diseases of stone fruits, transportability and keeping quality.

The tree is tall (6 m or more), the crown is wide, spreading, stretches upward, forming a kind of pyramid. Its lifespan with proper care is over 30 years.

Plums ripen in mid-September, as well as all late varieties are well stored. The yield is beyond praise. Average indicators - 150 kg from an adult tree. But such values are possible only if all growing rules are observed. Required, for example, fertile soil, good moisture retention. The ideal option is loam.

The fruits are small (about 20 g), the skin looks black, but in fact it is dark purple. The plums are purple in the sun. The presence of specks of copper or rust color, a continuous layer of a bluish-white bloom is characteristic. The taste is sweet and sour, the pulp is juicy.

The variety is positioned as self-fertile, but to increase yields, it is useful to create a Hungarian Home Company. Anna Shpet, Italian, Altana are best suited.

The first fruiting will have to wait a long time - 7–8 years. However, this is typical for Hungarian women. A significant drawback is that plums crack strongly if the summer was rainy and cloudy.

Common Hungarian - a tall tree with a long lifespan

Dubovskaya

Hungarian Dubovskaya is a late-ripening variety bred at the Lower Volga Research Institute of Agriculture. The fruits ripen in the second decade of September.

The tree is of medium height, but the shoots quickly grow in length. The crown is elliptical, as if raised. The variety practically does not suffer from moniliosis and is extremely rarely affected by the moth. It is also frost-resistant.

Plums are not very large (25–30 g), almost oval, but with a pronounced "neck" at the stalk. The skin is inky-violet, the coating on it is bluish. The flesh is greenish-yellow in color, firm and juicy.

Culture is not widespread on the territory of Russia. Mostly it can be found at home - in the Volgograd region.

Hungarian Dubovskaya on the territory of Russia is not widespread

Azhanskaya

Hungarian Azhanskaya is from Western Europe, specifically from France. The variety is positioned as self-fertile, but the presence of a number of pollinators from the group of renklods (Altana, Green) has a positive effect on yield.

The tree reaches a height of 4–4.5 m. The crown is in the form of a flattened oval, thickened. The harvest will have to wait 4–5 years. The fruits ripen en masse in the last decade of August. Even fully ripe plums do not fall off the tree. Hungarian Azhanskaya rarely suffers from the moth, but in a rainy summer, the fruits crack. And these cracks are "gates" for all kinds of pathogenic fungi and bacteria.

The yield is not bad - 60–70 kg per mature tree. Fruits are purple in color, pointed at the stalk (the so-called neck). The presence of reddish spots and a thick layer of waxy bloom is characteristic. The skin is firm but tender. The pulp is amber, with a slight greenish tint. It tastes good, tender, fiber-free, but not too juicy. The bone, in comparison with the rest of the Hungarians, is flatter and more rounded. The fruits tolerate transportation well, but they are stored for a maximum of 7–12 days.

Hungarian Azhanskaya is notable for its yield, but not keeping quality

Features of planting and growing

Plum Hungarian needs a lot of heat and light - keep this in mind when choosing a place for planting

Caring for Hungarians differs little from the agrotechnical techniques typical for other stone fruits, not only plums. But there are also some features:

• Any Hungarian plum treasures sunlight and warmth. Therefore, the site must warm up well and be protected from sharp cold drafts. Another mandatory requirement is a nutritious and loose soil that retains moisture well. Cold damp air tends to accumulate at the bottom, so lowlands will not work. Snow accumulates in them during the winter. This can provoke bark heating, especially at the root collar. The ideal location is a hillside that stretches from north to south or from northeast to southwest.
• Check the acidity of the soil in advance. Sour soil is categorically not suitable for plums of Hungarian. The best option is a slightly alkaline substrate.
• After planting the Hungarian plum, the soil in the trunk circle must be constantly kept moist. Some varieties tolerate drought well, but in this case, you can not expect abundant fruiting. It is especially important to water the Hungarian during flowering and when the fruits are intensively increasing the mass. Do not forget about watering the newly planted seedlings. This is the key to the correct development of the root system and the quick adaptation of the plant to new conditions.
• Hungarian plum responds very gratefully to fertilization. Every spring, at the same time as digging up the soil, add nitrogen-containing fertilizers and natural organic matter (rotted manure, humus) to the trunk circle. Phosphorus and potassium are also helpful. In autumn, give up nitrogen - the plant will not be able to properly prepare for wintering.

• Proper pruning is very important for a Hungarian. Trees are distinguished by a thickened crown, in their "natural" form they bear fruit much worse than when properly formed. It is strongly discouraged to delay pruning - Hungarian plum reacts negatively to the removal of mature lignified shoots. As a rule, a hollow appears at this place - a real "gate" for insect pests, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, plant immunity drops sharply. 2-3 years after planting the seedling in a permanent place near the Hungarian plum, you need to completely cut off all the shoots at the roots, small branches growing inside the crown and down. The root shoots are pruned by raking the ground and finding the base of each process. However, if the tree has suffered frost in winter, leave 2-3 of the sturdiest branches. In the future, new skeletal shoots can be formed from them.

  

  Pruning Hungarian plums is carried out later than other stone fruit trees

• In especially fruitful years, it is not a fact that even a regular one will save the Hungarian plum from the branches breaking under the excessive weight of the fruit. It is recommended to make supports in advance.

The Hungarian plum harvest is a real treat for the gardener's eyes

Gardeners reviews

Konstantin

https://sortoved.ru/blog_post/sort-slivy-vengerka-italyanskaya

Ivigni

https://forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?p=341451#p341451

Alexander

https://forum.cvetnichki.com.ua/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=355

Leader

https://chudo-ogorod.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?f=51&t=866

Afina

https://ru.badgood.info/reviews/content/slivyi_sorta_vengerki_moskovskie_

Irene

https://cveti.clan.su/forum/9–283–1

ilich1952

https://forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=800986

ilich1952

https://forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?p=800986

Any sort of Hungarian plum is mainly appreciated by domestic gardeners for the yield and long life of the tree. The dense pulp has an amazing taste and aroma, such fruits are excellent raw materials for homemade preparations for the winter. The aesthetic moment is also important - the flowering of the Hungarian plum will decorate your garden.