Roof Shingles: Types With Description, Characteristics And Reviews, Installation Stages

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 12:53

How to choose and install different types of roofing tiles

Shingles are often chosen as roofing, which are presented in various versions. The material has a number of advantages, one of which is the beautiful appearance of the roof with such a coating. In order to implement it in practice, you need to choose the optimal type of tile, master its installation and know a number of rules for the design and operation of such a roof.

Content

• 1 Features of roof tiles

• 2 Types of tiles: description, characteristics, installation rules

  • 2.1 Cement-sand roofing tiles

    2.1.1 Video: principles of installation of cement-sand tiles

  • 2.2 Composite roof tiles

    2.2.1 Video: installation of Luxard composite roof tiles

  • 2.3 Tiles of polymer type

    2.3.1 Video: fastening polymer shingles

  • 2.4 Laminated roof tiles

    2.4.1 Video: subtleties when installing three-layer laminated tiles

  • 2.5 Metal tiles

    2.5.1 Video: installation of Ruukki metal tiles

• 3 How to choose the best roof tile

  3.1 Calculation of the material for the roof

• 4 How to properly lay

  • 4.1 Accessories

    4.1.1 Video: installation of a ridge on a tile roof

• 5 Reviews of different species

Features of roofing tiles

Shingles are a material that effectively protects the roof and at the same time creates a beautiful embossed surface. This result is achieved due to the well-thought-out shape of the elements of the roofing material, which can be wavy or semicircular. Moreover, each type of material has its own structure, color and features of operation. This is due to the fact that for the manufacture of tiles, different raw materials are used, which allows you to get one or another coating.

Tile roof looks original and aesthetically pleasing

For each specific version of the tile, certain features are characteristic. In any case, the installation of the material is carried out in stages, from the edge of the roof to the ridge. This allows you to control the evenness and quality of the paving, ensuring the durability of the coating.

Types of tiles: description, characteristics, installation rules

Roofing tiles are presented in a fairly wide variety of types, since different raw materials are used for its manufacture. Piece roofing material consists of individual elements, which, when installed, form a strong, durable and beautiful coating.

Cement-sand roofing tile

Cement-sand tiles belong to natural roofing coverings. The parts have a slightly rough surface and have the following characteristics:

• resistance to moisture and gradual hardening over time;
• environmental friendliness and safety for human health;
• the possibility of staining and the absence of fading;
• good sound insulation;
• resistance to climatic influences.

The roof with cement-sand tiles can be painted in any desired color

The production of cement-sand tiles is carried out by pressing. This uses high pressure. The mixture for making shingles consists of water, quartz sand, Portland cement and alkali-resistant coloring pigment. As a result of pressing, strong elements are formed, which tend to remove moisture from the inside of the room to the outside. Portland cement provides increased strength in high humidity conditions. Therefore, cement-sand tiles are durable and practical in use.

The optimum angle of inclination of the roof for laying cement-sand elements is 23–66 °. Installation of the coating consists of the following steps:

1. Lifting the material up. It is carried out as accurately as possible, in stacks of 6-7 pieces, which avoids damage to parts.
2. Laying a waterproofing film.

3. Sheathing device with a pitch of 320–390 mm.

   

   The lathing for the tiles is laid in horizontal rows and attached to the laid counter-lattice bars

4. Installation of tiles. Tile elements are fastened sequentially, from bottom to top.

   

   Tile elements are stacked in rows, starting from the bottom of the roof

5. Installation of a roof ridge.

Video: principles of installation of cement-sand tiles

Composite roof tile

Premium roofing materials include composite shingles, which are an imitation of natural shingles. The elements are based on a steel sheet coated on both sides with an alloy of silicon, zinc and aluminum. The outer layer is an acrylic coating interspersed with natural stone.

Composite tiles are mainly made from natural materials

Composite roofing material has the following properties:

• high level of protection of the roof from climatic influences, ultraviolet radiation and temperature extremes;
• strength and resistance to mechanical stress;
• light weight and simple installation technology;
• the possibility of using in different climatic conditions.

Composite shingles are a kind of metal shingles. Installation of such material is carried out from top to bottom, and the step between the elements of the horizontal lathing is determined depending on the size of the tiles. Parts are attached to self-tapping screws with a large thread pitch.

Video: installation of Luxard composite roof tiles

Tiles of polymer type

The polymer-sandy version of the tile appeared on the construction market relatively recently, but has already gained popularity due to a number of properties. The material is made from a mixture of polymer fillers, sand and permanent colorants. In production, compounds are used that are characterized by maximum resistance to climatic factors.

Polymer tiles are painted with persistent dyes in different colors

The characteristics and important properties of polymer tiles are expressed in the following:

• resistance to ultraviolet light, temperature extremes, fading, humidity and other climatic factors;
• resistance to high temperatures. When heated, the tiles are not destroyed, but melted and sintered, forming a durable sheet;
• large selection of colors;
• the service life is more than 15 years, and the surface is not covered with plaque.

Installation of polymer tiles is carried out on a layer of waterproofing film, on top of which the crate is arranged. To create the lathing, a bar with a section of 50x50 or 60x40 mm is used. In order to properly fix the tile covering, the step between the elements of the lathing should be 350 mm.

Video: fastening polymer tiles

Laminated roof tiles

Laminate shingles are durable multi-layer elements produced by processing ultra-strong fiberglass. To do this, bitumen is applied to the structure on each side, and then sprinkling of basalt granules of different colors. After that, two such blanks are sintered together, with the lower layer acquiring a rectangular shape, and the upper one curly, voluminous.

The laminated coating looks impressive and is highly durable

Laminated shingles are in demand for roofing, as they have a beautiful appearance and a rich selection of colors. Elements of different shades are easy to combine with each other, creating a unique design for the building. Moreover, the material is characterized by resistance to any climatic influences and has a service life of about 50 years. The structure of the tiles can withstand temperature changes in the range from -70 to +110 ° C. The use of such a material is optimal for complex roofs with many slopes, corners and protrusions. Installation of laminated tiles is carried out in several stages:

1. The lathing is laid out on top of the waterproofing layer. For marking, 2 straight lines should be drawn from the edge of the roof and across the inclined surface, the distance between which is 50 cm.
2. Next, draw perpendiculars to these lines in increments of 25 cm.
3. A ridge-cornice material is mounted with an indent from the edge of 2.5 cm.
4. The fastening of the tiles starts from the central part of the inclined surface. The film is removed from the bottom of the shingle, the elements are tightly pressed to the crate and additionally fixed with nails or self-tapping screws.

Video: the intricacies of installing three-layer laminated tiles

Metal tile

One of the most common types of roofing is metal. It is a sheet of metal with three-dimensional corrugation and a protective colored coating. Low weight, easy installation and service life of several decades distinguish this material from other options for tiles.

Metal sheets are in the form of semicircular elements, therefore, from a distance, such a coating is very similar to natural tiles.

Installation of metal tiles is carried out on a lathing, arranged over a waterproofing film. The elements of the roof covering are screwed in with self-tapping screws in increments of about 15 cm. The overlap of the sheets should be at least 10 cm.

Video: installation of Ruukki metal tiles

How to choose the best roof shingles

The choice of roof tiles is based on the climatic conditions of the region. For example, in case of heavy precipitation, high humidity, such types of coatings as polymer-coated metal tiles, cement-sand and composite structures are optimal. Additional strengthening of the roof protection against bad weather will be provided by steam and waterproofing, roof insulation.

With a heavy snow load, it is best to mount a roof with a steep slope and cover it with metal tiles.

The method of fastening the material is of particular importance when choosing. Ease of fixing is typical for metal tiles, and arranging a soft roof requires more complex actions.

The thickness of the metal material should be at least 0.4 mm for warm climates and at least 0.7 mm for regions with frequent precipitation. When choosing a roof covering, other features should also be taken into account:

• the color of the material often plays an important role, because the appearance of the building depends on it. Manufacturers of some types of shingles provide a wide palette of shades, which makes it easier to choose;
• polymer outer coating on metal sheets must not be damaged. Other options for tiles are completely composed of sets, which already include colored, binders, protective components;
• the weight of the material must be indicated by the manufacturer on the packaging. Knowing the required amount of tiles, you can calculate the load that the rafter system will receive after installation. Therefore, the structure of the rafters must correspond to the expected load, taking into account precipitation.

Calculation of the material for the roof

Determination of the number of tiles of any type is carried out after calculating the roof area. In this case, the shapes of the planes are of great importance:

1. If the surfaces are rectangular, then the area is calculated using the formula S = L ∙ W, where L and W are the length and width of the surface, respectively.
2. In the case of a trapezoidal plane, use the formula S = h ∙ (A + B) / 2. Here A is the length of the overhang, h is the distance between the overhang and the ridge, B is the length of the ridge.

The data obtained for each surface is added to the total roof area.

When calculating the area of the slopes, simple geometric formulas are used

To determine the amount of metal tiles, you need to find out the area of one sheet of material, which is considered the same formula as in the case of a rectangular roof surface. Next, you need to divide the roof area by the square of the sheet, as a result, you get the right number of sheets of metal. The calculation of other options for roofing is carried out according to the same principle.

How to fit correctly

When installing any type of tile, you should first equip the crate, under which are located hydro-, heat- and vapor barrier materials. The lathing is the basis for fastening the roofing elements and allows you to create a ventilation gap through which moisture from under the roofing is removed. Further stages of installation, using the example of metal tiles, are expressed in the following:

1. After laying the waterproofing, a cornice strip is fixed along the edge of the roof, which is necessary to protect the roof from moisture, wind and snow. To do this, you need to mount the frontal board, hem the roof with soffits, fix the brackets for the gutter. The bar is fixed over the brackets with self-tapping screws.

   

   The roof structure includes many important elements needed to protect the roof from moisture and frost

2. Next, the installation of the lower valley is carried out, which is mounted in places of negative angles, that is, at the joints of the slopes. The valley plank is attached to a solid crate; in addition, you can use a self-adhesive insulation.

   

   The lower valley plank serves to protect the roof joints

3. Metal tiles are laid from bottom to top with an overlap. Each subsequent sheet is mounted on the last wave of the previous one, as a result of which an optimal overlap is formed. The first 4 sheets are fixed parallel to the eaves line without fasteners and align them. Then the elements are fixed with self-tapping screws to all the lathing bars in a checkerboard pattern.

   

   Each block of sheets is carefully aligned along the markings or along the line of the cornice, and then fixed

4. To fix the metal tile or polymer material, self-tapping screws with a rubber seal are used instead of a metal washer. This is to prevent leaks. The fasteners are installed through the wave. Metal cutting cannot be done with a grinder, you need to use special scissors.

   

   The main fastening of metal tiles is made through the wave

5. After fixing all the sheets on the slopes, the upper valley is fixed, which gives the roof aesthetics and protects from moisture. The bar is fastened from below with an overlap using the same screws as for the sheets. Next, an end plate is mounted with an overlap of at least 10 cm. A ridge is laid and fixed on the upper ridge, and plugs are installed at each end of it.

   

   Each part is firmly fixed in its place, which is determined taking into account the necessary overlap

Components

When installed on a roof, shingles require the use of additional components, which give the roof a complete look, protect the roof from precipitation and increase the service life of the coating. Depending on the type of tile, the set of accessories is also different. For metal tiles, these are the following elements:

• skate;
• upper and lower valley;
• drip;
• end plate;
• cornice strip;
• abutment strips;
• snow holders.

At the joints and abutments, special components are installed, giving the roof a complete look

Video: installation of a ridge on a tile roof

Reviews of different species

Different types of shingles differ in their characteristics, but it is always important to select the material depending on the climate, roof shape and other factors. Accurate installation and use of the correct additional components will help protect the roof from precipitation, deformation and other negative consequences.