Roof For A Garage: How To Do It Yourself, Features Of The Device And Installation

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 12:53

How to build a quality garage roof with your own hands

A reliable garage roof is an important condition for the preservation of the building. Roofing work in the garage is mainly carried out in the same way as on other buildings, but there are some nuances.

Content

• 1 Types of garage roofs

• 2 Materials and tools for manufacturing

  • 2.1 Material for covering the garage roof
  • 2.2 Garage Roof Tool

• 3 DIY garage roof device

  • 3.1 Installing the Mauerlat
  • 3.2 Marking rafters and making lathing

  • 3.3 Insulation and waterproofing of the garage roof

    3.3.1 Video: waterproofing a garage roof

  • 3.4 Laying the roof covering

    • 3.4.1 Step-by-step guide for laying roofing material
    • 3.4.2 Video: roofing with bitumen and roofing felt
    • 3.4.3 Sequence of installation of roofing sheeting
    • 3.4.4 Video: self-covering the roof with profiled sheets
    • 3.4.5 Features of laying seam and slate roofs
    • 3.4.6 Video: slate roofing
• 4 Operation and maintenance of a roof for a garage

• 5 Repair of garage roof

  5.1 Video: partial repair of the garage roof

Types of garage roofs

According to the design features, several types of roofs can be distinguished. By the presence of roof slopes, there are:

• pitched;
• flat.

A flat roof needs to be equipped with a continuous elastic coating made of polymer-bitumen materials that are resistant to temperature changes. The supporting parts for such a structure are the walls of the building. Screeds or slabs can be used as a base. In some cases, a hanging garden is made on a flat roof. In this case, the structure will be exploitable.

A pitched roof is formed by bases, the angle of inclination of which can be from 10 to 60 °. The structures have an emphasis on the rafter mechanism. The following types of roofs can be built for the garage:

1. With one slope. The structure has an emphasis on the walls of the building, and therefore one of the walls must be higher than the others in order to be able to create a slope. The difference in height is calculated by the formula: H = tg α xs, where s is the width of the building, tg α is the tangent of the slope, the value of which can be calculated on a calculator or taken from Bradis tables. The slope of the roof depends on the characteristics of the climate of the region: the amount of snow and the strength of the constant wind.

   

   A pitched roof is formed by walls of different heights

2. With two slopes. This option is most often used in the construction of garages, since it allows you to increase the usable area of the building at the expense of the attic space. A roof of this type can be made with or without overlap, however, it must be supported by a Mauerlat - a horizontal strapping made of bars, which unites the rafter mechanism into a solid structure.

   

   The gable roof increases the useful space of the garage due to the attic space

3. Hip roof. It is used quite rarely for garages, but in some cases it is used to maintain a uniform style of building the territory. The rafter mechanism in this case will not have a ridge run, since the roof frame is formed by four identical slopes.

   

   The hipped roof consists of four identical slopes

4. Mansard room. This type of construction allows you to arrange an additional room above the garage, which can be used by the owner for his own needs. For example, you can create a workshop, storage room, study, or guest room. It differs from the attic space in the height of the ceiling rise: at least 1.5 m. This roof project is considered expensive, since it needs steam, hydro and thermal insulation. You also need to install non-standard double-glazed windows. The rafter pair will have a steep kink, which can lead to a decrease in the strength of the building.

   

   The minimum floor lift in the room under the mansard roof is 1.5 m

Materials and tools for manufacturing

Competent erection of a roof with a single slope implies compliance with the slope required for the unimpeded drainage of melt water after rains or snowfalls. The height of the support pieces must be different. The slope should be chosen taking into account the following factors:

1. The climate of the region in which construction works are carried out. Gentle roofs with a slope of 5-7 ° are impractical to produce in regions with a lot of snow. However, they are suitable for places with strong winds. Roofs with a slope of 20–25 ° should not be made over detached garage spaces in regions with moderate winds. Such structures can only be erected over attached buildings.

2. Coating material type:

   • when making roofs with a slope of 15 ° or less, it is necessary to use materials in rolls - polymer, polymer-bitumen or bitumen;
   • if the slope is up to 10 °, then the roof should be arranged in 2 layers;
   • at an angle of inclination of 17–20 °, metal sheets are used, sealed with a seam, flat or wavy slate;
   • for roofs with a slope of 25 ° and more, it is better to choose profiled sheets or metal tiles.
3. Site design. The architectural features oblige to use the roof of the same color and shape throughout the entire territory.

When calculating the area of the slope, it is necessary to take into account the installation of overhangs that protect the structure from rain.

Overhangs are roof outlets that protect the building from rain and snow

It is important to consider such nuances:

1. There should be overhangs of 55-60 cm above the frame.
2. The overhang over the iron-clad frame structure should be at least 15–20 cm.
3. The overhang over a concrete or brick building should be 35–40 cm.

In some cases, the size of the overhangs is made larger to form a canopy from the entrance side or along the wall. The canopy will need to be supported on support posts made on a separate or common base with the garage.

Garage Roof Covering Material

The garage roof can be covered with different materials. You need to choose based on operating conditions and financial capabilities. For example, a building with a tile roof will cost much more than a building that is covered with slate. At the same time, laying metal tiles takes a lot of time. The most commonly used materials are:

1. Roofing material. This is a material based on dense or lightweight cardboard impregnated with bitumen. It is covered with refractory bitumen, after which minerals are added to it. Breaking load - 26-28 kg. One roll is enough to cover approximately 10 m ^{2 of the} roof. Roofing material can withstand heating up to 80 ° for two hours. The material can be used with a slope of at least 5 °. The rolled sheets are connected with an adhesive mixture or mastic in several layers or are fused with a gas torch. Roofing material is recommended for use if a garage with a complex-shaped roof is being manufactured. The main advantages of the material:

   • the possibility of self-covering the roof;

   • small financial costs.

     

     Roofing material is used on large roofs or complex configurations when it is necessary to obtain the maximum budget coverage

2. Bituminous shingles. This is an artificial soft material for roofing, based on fiberglass impregnated with rubber bitumen with basalt or slate powder. Service period - up to 50 years. The decorativeness of the coating is achieved due to a wide range of colors and cutting shapes. Bituminous shingles have all the advantages of roofing material, however, they have a more aesthetic appearance. An additional advantage is the ability to replace individual fragments during repairs. The material can be installed on a roof with a minimum slope of 2 °.

   

   A roof made of bituminous shingles has a much more aesthetic appearance compared to roofing felt

3. Ondulin. This is a molded mass based on cellulose, bitumen, various pigments and fillers. After drying, sheets with waves become resistant to chemical attack. The advantages include low weight and low cost. The period of possible operation is up to 15 years. On sale can be found in material of different colors. Special fasteners should be used to fix the sheets.

   

   Ondulin is well suited for the garage roof, because it is a lightweight and beautiful material.

4. Slate. It is a sheet of asbestos cement with a surface in the form of waves. Despite not the most aesthetic appearance and hygroscopicity, it has quite a few advantages:

   • resistance to weathering;
   • long service life (up to 40 years);
   • the ability to use with a slope of 25–35 °;
   • low cost;
   • ease of installation;

   • low thermal conductivity.

     

     Slate lasts several decades and can be used on most pitched roofs

5. Iron sheets. The material has a polymer coating and is strong and durable. Sheets are fastened in a folded manner in a lock, and therefore experience in carrying out these works and a special tool are required. The permissible slope is 19-30 °. It is advisable to apply an additional protective coating on the metal roof, which can be organized using acrylic paint.

6. Decking. These are metal sheets of a wavy shape, which are laid with an overlap in one wave on each side and are attached to the lathing with roofing screws, which greatly simplifies the installation process. The recommended tilt angle is from 8 °.

   

   You can cover the roof of the garage with a profiled sheet alone in a day.

7. Metal tiles. It is one of the most popular roofing materials. In terms of its properties, metal tiles are similar to corrugated board, but they look much more attractive. The coating consists of profiled iron sheets with a thickness of about 0.5 mm with a smooth or rough surface, protected by a layer of polymer spraying. Average service life is 30 years. The minimum slope is 14 °.

   

   The coating resembles natural tiles from a distance, but costs much less

Garage Roof Tool

In order for the work to be done efficiently, you need to prepare the following tool:

• a hammer;
• a mallet made of wood;
• a jack for lifting material to the roof;
• roulette;
• level for taking measurements;
• spatula if you plan to plaster and paint the garage;
• scissors for metal, if you plan to use corrugated board;
• saw;
• ax.

Some metal roofing materials will require hole preparation. In this case, a countersink and a countersink should be added to the list.

DIY garage roof device

A roof for a garage building consists of the following elements:

1. Rafter mechanism. It is used as a basis on which all the details are fixed. The structure will take on the overall loads of the roof.

   

   The rafter frame defines the shape of the roof and is its supporting part

2. Sheathing. Serves as a support for fastening the roof covering.

   

   The step of the lathing depends on the used roofing material

3. Materials for hydro, steam and thermal insulation. They are required in order to retain heat and protect the building from moisture.

   

   In order for the roof to retain heat and protect the garage from moisture, insulating materials must be installed in a specific sequence.

4. Finish coating.

   

   Laying the topcoat is the final stage in the construction of the roof

5. Additional details to strengthen the rafter mechanism.

If it is planned to build a garage with a pitched roof, then a Mauerlat or logs must be placed on the upper end parts. The elements will be used as a support for the rafter mechanism. They are fixed to the walls with wire through anchor bolts. Fasteners must be hammered into the wall or bricked up in the masonry.

The main parts of the gable roof rafter are the rafter legs. They may be:

• suspended (supported by the extreme parts);
• layered (have intermediate parts for support).

If the span, which is formed by the supporting walls, has a length of less than 5 m, then only horizontal elements can be installed on the rafter frame. They are called crossbars. In the places where the Mauerlat and rafter legs are attached, holes for fasteners must be prepared. Supports are installed in these holes and securely fixed with nails or anchor bolts.

Installing Mauerlat

Laying a roof for a garage should begin with the installation of a Mauerlat. For this, a beam of 15x10 cm is used. If the walls of the garage are made of timber, then the upper crown can be used as a Mauerlat.

1. For walls made of bricks or concrete blocks, a reinforcing belt is made. Steel studs are mounted in it, on which the Mauerlat will then be put on. The armopoyas design is required not only for the distribution of loads from the roof, but also for the horizontal alignment of the end surfaces of the walls. Without this element, the slope can be different in different parts of the roof.

   

   Before pouring concrete, metal threaded rods are welded to the reinforcement cage so that their protruding part is several centimeters longer than the Mauerlat beam

2. Concrete is poured into the formwork, its surface is finally leveled, and then the structure is covered with a layer of roofing material and left to dry completely (at least 7 days).

   

   After leveling the concrete layer, the pins should come out of it to a height that exceeds the thickness of the Mauerlat by 3-5 cm

3. Mauerlat beams are mounted. At the locations of the pins, holes of the appropriate diameter are drilled, and the beams are put on the pins. Nuts are screwed on top.

   

   After the Mauerlat beam is laid on the armored belt, it is fixed with nuts screwed onto the ends of the studs

4. The rafters are fixed to the Mauerlat. The simplest method is two nails with a length of 150 mm, located crosswise, or staples made of iron. For better fastening, metal plates can be used.

   

   With the help of metal plates, you can make a sliding mount, which will allow the elements to move within small limits during frame shrinkage and seasonal deformations of the building

Marking rafters and making crate

At this stage, you will need to mark the rafters:

1. A bar is placed on the Mauerlat so that overhangs of 45-50 cm appear in the extreme parts.

   

   In order for the rafter beams to rest tightly on the Mauerlat, they must be cut at the desired angle

2. With the help of a square or a level, the cut is marked in the upper and lower parts. The width of the gash should be the same as the width of the Mauerlat, but it should exceed 1/3 of the height of the rafter leg.
3. A template is made based on the received value. It is used for marking on the remaining supports.

Installation of rafters for a pitched roof is not difficult. When constructing a rafter mechanism, one should be guided by the following principles:

1. The rafter system can be performed in different ways, depending on the parameters of the structure. On a small building, you can simply lay out the rafters, resting them on opposite walls at the top.

   

   If the span is long, an additional row of support rafters can be made in the middle

2. If you plan to build a garage with an attic, then 1.2–1.5 m long beams must be laid across the span, which will be used as a floor base. The rafters are fixed to the opposite walls, but they must be additionally reinforced with struts. This is necessary to stiffen the frame.
3. If the walls are made of bricks, the edge parts of the slats can be laid in special slots, which should be prepared in advance in the walls. The beams are fixed to the long walls, and the rafter legs are fixed to the end walls. Waterproofing must first be laid in the grooves. It is best to use bitumen.

Further, the installation of filly is carried out - auxiliary overhangs, under which roofing material is underlain. A backing is required to protect parts from moisture. In the future, overhangs should be covered with siding.

As the base of the garage roof under the covering material, a crate made of strips or iron purlins should be used. The lathing is selected in this way:

1. If the roof slope is minimal, then the lathing should be solid or with a distance between the elements less than 30 cm.
2. For medium roof pitches, the allowable pitch is 35 to 65 cm.
3. The steep roof allows the installation of lathing elements at a distance of up to 1 m from each other.

4. If the slope is large, then in some cases the lathing is done with a step of 3-4 m.

   

   For the lathing, an edged board with a thickness of 25 or 32 mm is used

The lathing should be done from bottom to top

Each rail should be attached with one nail to the rafter leg.

Insulation and waterproofing of the garage roof

External insulation of a garage roof should be done in the following sequence:

1. The first step is to lay the vapor barrier film. Seams are glued together with tape. Excess moisture and steam will be removed through this layer.

2. The material for thermal insulation is laid. It is recommended to use foam or basalt wool.

   

   Insulation plates should be slightly wider than the existing seat so that they go into it with a noticeable interference

3. The insulation is covered with a layer of waterproofing.

Internal roof insulation is performed as follows:

1. First of all, a waterproofing layer is performed. The joints are sealed with tape.

   

   It is better to lay the waterproofing film with a slight slack in order to avoid excessive stress during thermal deformations

2. If it is planned to use polystyrene, then a crate must be made under it. Further, the sheets are attached with self-tapping screws. In the process, it is necessary to glue the joints with an adhesive mixture.

3. If mineral wool is used, then it fits into the gaps between the rafters.

   

   Plates of mineral wool should go into the gaps between the lags and be held there without additional fastening

4. The insulation material is covered with a vapor barrier film. The joints are glued with construction tape.

   

   A vapor barrier film protects the insulation from warm, humid air coming out of the lower rooms

Care should be taken that the insulation material does not come into contact with the waterproofing film. There should be a gap between them. To do this, a counter-lattice of 30x40 or 50x50 mm bars is stuffed over the film. If a super diffusion membrane is used for waterproofing, no ventilation gap is required.

Insulation of the roof inside can be done using penoizol.

Penoizol is applied to the roof by spraying

The foam should be sprayed on. It will penetrate all gaps, expand as it dries, and spread throughout the base. As a result, there will be no gaps into which moisture or cold could penetrate. Penoizol is one of the best materials for insulation. It excludes the appearance of fungus and mold. The only drawback is the high cost. However, it should be remembered that the period of possible use of the material is 70 years.

Bitumen mastic is most often used as a material for waterproofing pitched roofs. The coating, distributed over the roof surface, is able to form a base with excellent waterproofing parameters. It is also allowed to use an anti-condensation film, which is made on the basis of viscose. This option is most often suitable for roofs that are covered with profiled sheets.

Waterproofing is done after the rafter system and lathing have been completed, as well as the insulation has been installed:

1. The waterproofing material should be laid from the bottom up.

2. Ensure minimal overlap and avoid tension on the webs.

   

   Waterproofing should be carried out after the installation of the rafter system and installation of the battens

3. On the rafters, the film must be fastened with slats of small thickness - a counter grill to create a ventilation gap.

If the roof will not be ventilated, then not an ordinary film should be used as a material for waterproofing, but with a protection against condensation. It is also possible to use a modern vapor-permeable membrane, which will remove excess water vapor to the outside. To facilitate the waterproofing process, you can use a self-melting roof. However, it is important to ensure that the coating material does not overheat.

Video: waterproofing a garage roof

Laying roofing

One of the most popular options is roofing felt roofing.

Step-by-step guide to laying roofing material

Roofing material is mounted on a solid crate. The material is capable of performing two functions at once:

• protect the interior from precipitation;
• create solid budgetary coverage.

1. The base for laying is coated with bituminous mastic, after which the first layer of roofing material is laid. The material is installed from bottom to top in the direction of the roof slope. In this case, water will not be able to penetrate into the gaps between the canvases. In order for the work to be done efficiently, you must first coat the surface with mastic, then roll out and press the roofing material. There should be no delays. Bitumen must be applied across the entire width of the roll, while it is important to make a small indent for the next web. The overlap during installation should be 17–20 cm.

   

   Before laying roofing material, the surface must be coated with bituminous mastic

2. Each subsequent layer of roofing material is laid in the same way. The only difference will be in the direction of laying - perpendicular to the initial layer.
3. At the end, you need to coat the surface with bitumen again.

In addition to roofing material, other roll-type materials can also be used. They are laid out on mastic or fused with a gas burner. The second method requires increased attention, since it is fire hazardous. Such work should be performed by a person with experience.

Video: roofing with bitumen and roofing felt

The sequence of installation of roofing sheeting

The corrugated board is lightweight, so it is possible to save money on the manufacture of the rafter mechanism and lathing. Rafter legs can be made of 100x30, 50x30 or 50x50 mm bars. The choice must be made based on what load will be on the rafter mechanism. To create a high-quality roof, it must be insulated and waterproofing material installed. Sequencing:

1. Waterproofing is laid on the surface of the frame. In this case, it is allowed to use a polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns. The film is fixed to the lathing by means of slats of small thickness with a section of 20x20 mm. The distance between the slats must be made so that the profiled sheet can fit tightly on the parts.

   

   For laying a profiled sheet with a thickness of 0.4-0.5 mm, a sheathing step of 50 cm is sufficient

2. A metal roof is laid on top of the waterproofing material. Profiled sheets are fixed to the crate with special self-tapping screws with rubber lining. For convenience, you can pre-make small holes in the base. Self-tapping screws need to be screwed in without tension, so that the material can contract and expand when the temperature changes.

   

   Sheets of corrugated board are fastened with roofing screws into the groove of the wave

3. The roof is insulated from inside the garage. The process of insulation for corrugated board is completely similar to that described above.
4. On the inside of the roof, a vapor barrier film and a top coat of the walls and ceiling of the attic are mounted.

Video: self-covering the roof with profiled sheets

Features of laying folded and slate roofs

It is possible to lay seam roofing made of galvanized metal only with certain skills and special devices. It is not recommended to do this on your own.

A slate roof can serve for over 40 years. The material is laid in the same way as the corrugated board, but the slate is heavy. Accordingly, he needs a strong and reliable rafter mechanism. Rafters should be made of wooden bars with a cross section of at least 100x80 mm.

Video: roofing with slate

Garage Roof Operation and Maintenance

Soft surfaces are quite durable, but regular inspection of the substrate is recommended. Signs that indicate the need for repair:

1. Various mechanical damages: through abrasion, deep crack, burst hole.
2. The appearance of depressions in which water or dirt can stagnate.
3. Changes in the appearance of the coating: the appearance of moss, mold or mildew.
4. Emergency delamination at the joints.

If these signs are present, it is recommended to repair the roof immediately. Experienced experts recommend that garage owners perform regular maintenance activities at least once every 3 years. In this case, it will be enough only to eliminate minor flaws. If the roof is left in disrepair for a long time, a complete replacement of the coating may be required.

Garage roof repair

The repair method depends on the type of roof and the degree of deterioration of the building. In private buildings, where the garage is located separately from the building, budget materials for the roof with a long service life are used. Garages in cooperatives cannot be covered with profiled sheets or flexible tiles, therefore soft materials on a bitumen basis are used. There are 3 options for repairing a garage roof:

1. With the help of heated bitumen.
2. The use of soft material for the roof.
3. Application of profiled sheets or tiles.

Before proceeding with the repair work, you will need to remove debris from the roof and clear the places that need to be repaired. If the previously installed coating material can be used, then it will be necessary to cut out the indentations in the places with defects with an ax. If the roof was covered with roofing felt, then the structure should be inspected for cracks or swelling. Such defects must be eliminated prior to repair work.

1. The first step is to take a sharp knife and cut the place with the flaw crosswise.

   

   The place of damage to the roofing must be cut by pressing a cross on a cross and bend

2. Next, you should bend the formed triangles so that they do not bulge and make it possible to move along the roof without problems.
3. The internal parts must be cleaned of dust. In the future, the cracks will be filled with bitumen.

When the preparatory work has been completed, you can start repair work:

1. First of all, it is necessary to warm up the bitumen. To do this, you need to light a fire and make a homemade barbecue on which a bucket will be located. When the bitumen heats up and becomes plastic, you can start pouring.

   

   When working with bitumen, you must be very careful, because if it gets on the skin with hot drops, serious burns occur

2. Next, you need to raise the bucket to the roof, observing the utmost care so as not to spill the hot mixture on yourself, and pour bitumen over the places with defects. In the process, the material needs to be directed with a wooden plank. Using this method, it is possible to repair both the entire surface and its desired part. The holes that were cut earlier should be shed especially carefully. It is important to ensure that the bitumen fills the grooves to the top.

It is quite simple to repair a roof with roofing material. You will need to cut out several pieces of material, and then close the indentations with their help. Each segment must correspond to the size of the depression. Sequencing:

1. The first step is to apply a bitumen-based resin or mastic inside the groove.
2. Lay a piece of roofing material.
3. Apply an additional layer of bitumen on top. Don't wait for it to dry. At this stage, the bent parts must be immediately replaced.

4. Seal the holes with patches. The dimensions of each piece should be several centimeters larger than the fragment being repaired.

   

   A new piece of roofing material should be several centimeters wider than the defective spot on each side

5. Apply mastic over the patch.
6. If bubbles appear during installation, they must be cut with a knife. An element with a notch must be pressed tightly to the base of the roof, and then smeared with tar.

Video: partial repair of the garage roof

youtube.com/watch?v=wuJx6qsTTLI

It is quite possible to build a durable roof for a garage on your own, but it is important to follow the instructions and choose high-quality and reliable materials at all stages of work.