Cherry Fatezh: Description And Characteristics Of The Variety, Advantages And Disadvantages, Planting And Care Features + Photos And Reviews

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 22:26

Cherry Fatezh: winter-hardy baby in your garden

Sweet cherry is loved by many gardeners. There are many varieties of sweet cherries, but not all can be grown in cold regions. Sweet cherry Fatezh has sufficient winter hardiness so that it can be safely grown in almost any region of Russia. In addition, the undoubted advantage of the variety is the relative compactness of the tree.

Content

• 1 Description of the cherry variety Fatezh
• 2 Advantages and disadvantages

• 3 Landing features

  • 3.1 Selecting a seedling
  • 3.2 Landing dates
  • 3.3 Site selection

  • 3.4 Soil preparation

    • 3.4.1 Step by step order
    • 3.4.2 Planting a seedling on video

• 4 Tree care

  • 4.1 Soil care
  • 4.2 Watering

  • 4.3 Cropping

    • 4.3.1 Formation of fan-type cherries in the photo
    • 4.3.2 Trimming and shaping cherries on video
  • 4.4 Top dressing
  • 4.5 Preparing for winter

• 5 Diseases and pests and protection against them

  • 5.1 Table: cherry diseases and their treatment

    5.1.1 Diseases of cherries in the photo

  • 5.2 Table: Cherry pests and control

    5.2.1 Cherry pests in the photo

• 6 Collection, storage and use of crops
• 7 Reviews

Description of the cherry variety Fatezh

Cherry Fatezh, ripening in the mid-early period, was bred by breeders A. I. Evstratov. and Enikeev Kh. K. Since 2001, the variety has been zoned for the Central region of Russia. Very well suited for growing in the suburbs.

Cherry Fatezh bears large, dark pink fruits

The trees are quite compact - the average height is 3 m, the maximum height is 5 m. A characteristic feature of the spreading, medium-thickened crown is drooping. The main branches grow at an angle of 90 ^to and more to the trunk. Straight, ankle shoots are covered with brownish-brown bark. Large dark green leaves have a wide, elongated-pointed leaf blade with a finely serrated edge. The surface of the leaves is smooth, glossy.

Cherry blooms with large white flowers in the first week of May. 5–6 lower buds are usually flowering on a one-year growth. Bouquet twigs are also fruit wood.

In May, cherry blossoms are covered with foam

Fatezh produces rather large (weighing 4.3–4.4 g, maximum 6 g) rounded berries, covered with a shiny dark pink skin with a yellowish tinge. The light pink juicy pulp has a dense, gristly structure and a pleasant sweet and sour taste with a tasting score of 4.7 points. Berries contain a large amount of sugars - about 12%, and a lot of vitamin C - 28 mg per 100 g.

Fatezh berries are of the bigarro type - their pulp is dense, cartilaginous

Medium-sized oval bone is quite easy to separate from the pulp.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• high winter hardiness;
• early maturity (from 4-5 years);
• good taste of fruits;
• high levels of productivity (40-50 kg per tree) and longevity (active fruiting lasts about 20 years);
• good transportability of fruits;
• low susceptibility to diseases and very high resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis

Disadvantages:

• self-infertility;
• some tendency to gum flow.

Landing features

Since Fatezh is self-fertile, pollinators need to be planted next to it: Iput, Crimean, Revna, Ovstuzhenka.

Sapling selection

A lot depends on the correct choice of planting material. It is best to buy seedlings from trusted suppliers and not too far from your personal plot.

Choose well-developed trees to reduce the risk of tree death

One- and two-year-old seedlings take root most successfully. They must meet the following requirements: the total height of the tree must be at least 1–1.2 m, the root system must be at least 25–35 cm in length, well-developed, always with small roots; the trunk should be smooth, free of cracks and dry areas, with a diameter of 15–20 mm; the vaccination site must be dry, free from rot and cracks; the crown should be well developed and elastic.

Landing dates

In regions with a mild climate (most importantly, with a long warm autumn), the beginning of October is considered a good time for planting cherries. The seedling manages to root well before the onset of winter cold weather, and after overwintering it immediately starts to grow.

In cold areas with early winter, plant in April, before bud break. It is imperative to wait for the soil to completely thaw.

If a seedling was bought at the wrong time, save it in a hole

Saplings purchased at the wrong time can be kept buried until spring.

Seat selection

For Fatezh cherries, a well-lit area is required. Also note that the tree must be protected from cold northerly winds. The southern or southwestern side of the site is best suited. Landing on a small hill is preferable.

The soil for cherries needs strong, sandy loam or loam is well suited. In any case, the soil must be fertile, moisture and breathable. On peaty, sandy and clayey soils, sweet cherries develop poorly. These trees also do not like stagnant moisture, therefore, when the groundwater is located close to the surface of the earth, it is necessary to take care of drainage.

If there is a danger of moisture stagnation on the site, arrange drainage

Plant cherries at least 3-4 m from other trees or buildings.

Soil preparation

The soil in the area chosen for planting must be prepared in advance. Remove all weeds and dig up the ground. If the soil is very sodden, dig it in two tiers. You can apply complex fertilizer and 3-4 buckets of humus. If required soil deoxidation, use or dolomite chalk (400-500 g / m ²).

The planting hole must be large enough to accommodate the root system. Fertile soil must be folded in a separate pile

2–3 weeks before planting, prepare a hole 60–70 cm deep and 80–100 cm wide. If you plan to plant in the spring, you can prepare the hole in the fall. Try to keep the pit walls straight. Loosen the bottom with a pitchfork, and drive a support stake 1.2–1.4 m long and 4–5 cm thick into the center.

Pour 2-3 buckets of rotted manure mixed with fertile soil, 1000 g of ash, 0.35-0.4 kg of superphosphate, 0.1 kg of potassium sulfate around the stake. If the soil on the site is clay, add 2 buckets of sand to the pit, add clay to the sandy soil.

When planting a seedling, you must strictly follow the rules to ensure good rooting of the tree

Step by step order

Check the condition of the seedling, if it is dry, trim the tips of the roots and place the seedling in water for 10-12 hours.

1. Dip the roots in a clay mash.
2. Place the seedling in a hole on a mound of potting soil and spread the roots.
3. Attach the tree to the peg and cover the roots with earth in several steps, crushing each layer with your hands so that all the gaps between the roots are filled. Make sure that the root collar of the seedling remains above the ground.
4. Form a watering hole and pour 2–3 buckets of water into it. When the soil dries up a little, mulch it with peat.

Planting a seedling on video

youtube.com/watch?v=WrJcpbCMwDc

Tree care

Soil care

Sweet cherry needs regular loosening of the trunk circle and its cleaning of weeds, especially at a young age (up to 5-6 years). These operations are usually performed after watering, when the soil dries out a little. In this way, three goals can be achieved at once - to destroy the soil crust, improve soil aeration and eliminate weeds. The loosening depth should be 15–20 cm at the border of the near-trunk circle and 8–10 cm near the trunk. After loosening, it is advisable to cover the soil with mulch - peat or sawdust will do.

The soil in the near-trunk circle must be regularly dug up and freed from weeds

When the tree reaches 6-7 years of age, you can begin to sow the near-trunk circle with lawn mixture, leaving a strip of clean soil 40-50 cm wide near the trunk. Sodding makes loosening the soil unnecessary. The grass should be mowed regularly. If you add clover seeds to the lawn mixture, you can also enrich the soil with nitrogen.

Watering

Sweet cherry Fatezh needs 3-5 waterings per season (more waterings - in dry weather). The water norm for a young tree is 3-4 buckets, for an adult - 6-8 buckets. Irrigation can be done by drip, sprinkler irrigation or along temporary furrows.

In autumn (mid-October), water-charging irrigation is carried out, which improves the thermal capacity of the soil and improves the wintering conditions of the tree.

Pruning

Pruning of fruit trees is subdivided into formative, thinning and sanitary. The first two types of pruning must be done in spring or autumn (during the dormant period of the tree), and sanitary pruning (removal of diseased wood) can be done at any time if necessary.

Sweet cherry belongs to self-forming trees, but if you wish, you can form the crown in a way convenient for the owner. For example, when planting a tree near a building or fence, you can grow it in a fan shape.

Formation of fan-shaped cherries in the photo

In the first and second years, the main branches of the lower tier are formed

In the third year, the second order branches are formed, and in the fourth and subsequent years, thinning of excess growth is carried out

A formed fan-shaped crown requires regular thinning and stimulating pruning

For those who do not like the "weepiness" of the tree, we can recommend pruning the branches above the buds, directed upwards. This allows you to change the shape of the crown to some extent.

At a young age, Fatezh cherries are characterized by intense shoot growth, which should be controlled by annual pruning. The annual growth is shortened by 1/5 of the length. In addition, the branches that are not growing properly should be cut. After 5 years, growth and branching activity is reduced so that annual pruning can be stopped. Only occasionally may it be necessary to remove branches growing inside the crown, or new forks.

Trimming and shaping cherries on video

Top dressing

The cherry tree requires a large amount of nutrients for its full development. They should be introduced along the periphery of the trunk circle, where the bulk of the suction roots is located.

In the first 2 years after planting, there is no need to feed the tree - its nutrition is provided by fertilizers introduced into the planting pit. It is not recommended to apply fertilizers too often - this provokes a rapid growth, which often does not have time to ripen by the cold.

Rotten manure is one of the best organic fertilizers

Every spring, before budding, 20–25 liters of a solution of mineral fertilizers are added under each tree (20–25 g of carbamide and potassium sulfate per bucket of water). In the fall, after harvesting, 0.2 kg of superphosphate and 0.1 kg of potassium sulfate are introduced (fertilizers are distributed dry over the soil surface, then irrigated). Organic fertilizers (3-5 buckets of compost or humus) are applied for spring or autumn soil digging. In the summer, after flowering, you can feed the tree with the complex mineral fertilizer Agricola (2 tablespoons per bucket of water). The same preparation can be added for spring and autumn feeding.

Preparing for winter

Fatezh has high winter hardiness and does not need to be insulated. To protect against wintering pests in the fall, whitewash the stem and the main branches with a thick (creamy consistency) clay-lime solution.

For the winter, it is useful to cover the soil under young trees with a layer of sawdust 25–30 cm thick.

Mulching with a thick layer of sawdust will help keep the root system from freezing

Cherry buds can be damaged in spring during recurrent frosts. If there is a threat of frost, smoke can be organized, and small trees can be covered with burlap.

To protect against rodents, tie the trunk and main branches with something prickly - spruce branches, metal mesh.

You can protect the tree trunk from rodents with a cut plastic pipe

Diseases and pests and protection against them

Fatezh cherry is characterized by almost absolute resistance to moniliosis and coccomycosis, as well as to a number of pests. At the same time, a tendency of the tree to gum flow is noted.

Table: cherry diseases and their treatment

Name of the disease	Signs of defeat	Prevention and treatment measures
Gum therapy	Numerous deposits of resin (gum) appear on the branches and trunk of the tree. Severe damage will kill the tree.	Provide proper wood care. Avoid excessive moisture and excessive nitrogen fertilization. Protect wood from cracks, frost cracks and other damage. If gum disease is detected, timely eliminate the diseased branches. Clean wounds to healthy tissue, disinfect them with copper sulfate and cover with a mixture of nigrol and ash (proportion 2: 1).
Hole spot	The first sign of the disease is brown-brown spots with a dark edging that appear on the leaf plate. Further, the central part of the spots turns into holes. Ulcers appear on the branches, which can lead to gum flow. The kidneys turn black and die off.	Preventive autumn digging of soil, collection and burning of fallen leaves. Double treatment with copper chloride (30–40 g per bucket of water): the first time - when the flower buds open, the second time - after 2-3 weeks.

Cherry diseases in the photo

The exact causes of gum flow have not been identified, but more often it is observed in trees that are not well looked after

Hole spot turns leaves into a sieve

Dark spots appear on the berries affected by clasterosporium, and cracks and ulcers appear on the shoots.

Table: cherry pests and control

Pest name	Description of the pest	Prevention and control measures
Cherry sawfly	A black caterpillar with a slimy, shiny skin feeds on the green pulp of a leaf.	Spray three times with chamomile infusion (0.9-1 kg of raw materials per 10 liters of warm water, leave for 3 days, add 15-20 g of crushed soap). Treat with insecticides (Spark, Decis) when pests appear, but no later than 2 weeks before harvest.
Cherry fly	A pest similar to a house fly lays eggs near the ovaries. White larvae penetrate the berries, eat part of the pulp. The remaining pulp is spoiled by the secretions of the larva.	In the fall, carry out two-tiered soil digging. In early summer (the last decade of May - the first decade of June), treat with insecticides (Iskra, Inta-Virom, Karate).

Cherry pests in the photo

The sawfly actively infects the leaves, leaving them with a dry skin.

The cherry fly larva eats the pulp of the berries

A cherry fly looks like a common fly, and its larvae can spoil half of the crop

Collection, storage and use of crops

The berries begin to ripen from mid-July. The yield is high (already from a 10-year-old tree, 30 kg of berries can be harvested), so the collection of fruits has to be carried out in stages, as it ripens. The fruit should be removed in dry weather, preferably in the early morning. For immediate processing, you can pick berries without petioles - the separation is dry, so that they will not "flow". For storage or transportation, it is necessary to pick the cherries with petioles and put them in a dry container so that the petioles do not damage the neighboring berries.

At least 10 varieties of jam are made from cherries.

You can store the harvest in the refrigerator, but cherries do not lie for more than 5-7 days. Therefore, if possible, you need to eat fresh cherries, and from what you cannot eat, prepare compotes, jam or dried fruits.

Reviews

Cherry Fatezh has many advantages - winter hardiness, disease resistance and excellent taste. Due to its small size, this variety can be grown in small areas. Simple agricultural techniques will ensure high yields of sweet berries.