Inventions Of Soviet Scientists That Changed The World

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 12:53

7 Soviet inventions that changed the world

We habitually use the benefits of civilization, we do not think that they were not there before. But someone invented, brought them to perfection. We will find out if our compatriots are also involved in this.

Telephone device

Few people know, but the mobile phone was invented by a Soviet radio electronics engineer named Kupriyanovich. He even received a patent in November 1957, number 115494, for a "Radiotelephone Communication Device."

Kupriyanovich graduated from the Moscow Higher Technical School. Bauman in 1953, he worked in a secret "mailbox", about the specifics of which he did not even speak with relatives.

But about his invention, which did not concern work, Leonid talked about in popular magazines available to anyone.

"Young Technician", "Science and Life", "Behind the Wheel" published diagrams, described the principle of operation, and the designer himself answered questions and explained the subtleties of work for all interested. The plot in the newsreel also told about the device without concealment.

Useful information was used by "neighbors". The Bulgarian firm "Radioelectronics" brought to the 1965 technical exhibition a mobile phone developed on the basis of Kupriyanovich's invention.

At the beginning of the 60s, publications about the telephone disappeared from the pages of publications, and the engineer changed his place of work - perhaps, the "organs" caught himself.

Nuclear power plant

In the USSR, scientists worked on the creation of an atomic bomb in order to oppose it to the development of the Nazis. The research was headed by academician physicist I. V. Kurchatov. As part of the survey, a plutonium reprocessing plant was built (1948), and the production of enriched uranium began.

At this time in the world scientific circles there was an active discussion of atomic energy as a source of light and heat. Then the physicist instructed his colleagues E. L. Feinberg and N. A. I had to develop a project for a nuclear reactor for a power plant.

The task was completed. The station was built in 1954 in the Kaluga region (Obninskoe village). Already on June 7, a uranium-graphite reactor with a water coolant, encrypted with the letters "AM-1", which meant "peaceful atom", produced the first energy.

Supersonic passenger aircraft

In the late 1950s, the development of supersonic transport aircraft for commercial and military aviation took place. Great Britain and France developed a joint project of an aircraft with short wings, without a tail, with a lowered front fuselage. The result was the Concorde aircraft. The United States was preparing a solution based on Boeing aircraft.

In the USSR, similar work was carried out by several design bureaus and specialized institutes. Created by the team of A. N. Tupolev's Tu-144 jet was two months ahead of the British and French.

Game "Tetris"

An almost detective story is associated with the popular computer game "Tetris". The rights to it were contested by six companies from the United States, although they belong to two others.

Let us recall the essence of the "toy": various figures of 4 cubes fall into a field of 20x10 cells. They need to have time to unfold or move in order to take the free space below.

"Tetris" was born on June 6, 1984 in the bowels of the USSR Academy of Sciences, where its creator A. Pazhitnov, an engineer of a computing center, worked on artificial intelligence.

In his spare time, Alexey wrote the first version of the puzzle in Pascal for the Elektronika-60 computer. By the way, the computer's power was not enough to rotate cubes from 5 cells, then one cube had to be removed.

In a few months, the game has spread around the world and remains popular even in the modern world. The Tetris Championship is held annually. The game is still installed on electronic devices with a screen, even those designed for other tasks, such as oscilloscopes.

Artificial heart technology

The world's first artificial heart was implanted in a dog in 1937 by a third-year student biologist V. Demikhov, a native of a Vologda peasant family. Vladimir constructed a mechanical heart from improvised means so successfully that the dog lived with him for two hours.

The talented scientist continued his development after the war - he went through it from beginning to end, and already in 1946 he transplanted a heart and a lung into another dog.

Further numerous operations on animals to replace organs laid the foundation for world transplantation. But his name in his native country remained in the shadows for a long time, the reason for this was the enemies and envious people of the great scientist.

Foreign medical luminaries studied on Demikhov's works, calling him the Master.

When President Yeltsin underwent bypass surgery in 1996, world-renowned surgeon Michael DeBakey announced that he wanted to meet with Master Vladimir Demikhov in order to personally bow to him.

Laser

Since A. Einstein in 1916 put forward a hypothesis about the stimulated emission of a narrowly directed stream of particles and described the principle of operation of a quantum generator (laser), many scientists have been working on the creation of such a device.

In 1954, our compatriots A. M. Prokhorov and N. G. Basov, as well as the American C. Towns, independently developed the theoretical foundations of quantum processes and created a "maser" operating on ammonia ions.

In 1964, all three were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their developments.

TV

Our compatriots L. Rosing and V. Zvorykin stood at the foundations of TV.

The very word "television" entered the lexicon at the Paris conference in 1990 thanks to the St. Petersburg engineer K. Persky.

The developments of Lev Rosing, who formulated and patented the principles of transmitting images over a distance, and also designed the simplest picture tube, were developed by his student, a process engineer Vladimir Kozmich Zvorykin.

In 1919 V. K. Zvorykin emigrated to the United States, where he began developing an electronic television system. His project was sponsored by another native of Russia D. Sarnov, vice president of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA).

In 1929, Zvorykin developed a kinescope (receiving tube), in 1931 - an iconoscope (transmitting device), in 1940 - color television. In 1938, the production of television sets with Zvorykin's TK-1 kinescope began in Moscow.

We have mentioned only a small part of the inventions of Russians, in fact there are much more of them. We have something to be proud of.