Roofing Cake For A Soft Roof, As Well As The Features Of Its Structure And Installation, Depending On The Type Of Roof And The Purpose Of The Room

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 12:53

Soft roof: device and installation of a roofing pie

Roofing cake is a layered laying of materials accompanying the covering covering that fill the space inside the roof rafter skeleton. The design consists of several layers (hence the name), each of which has its own purpose. For example, for waterproofing, a waterproofing material is included in the roofing pie, and a heat insulator for insulation. The number of elements and types of materials in the composition of the roofing cake depend on the type of roof - insulated or cold roof, as well as on the type of topcoat. Let us consider in more detail the structure of a roofing cake under a soft coating.

Content

• 1 Roofing cake under a soft roof

  1.1 Video: The Right Roofing Pie

• 2 Types of roofing cake for a soft roof

  • 2.1 Requirements for a roofing cake

  • 2.2 Roofing cake for roofing from roll materials

    • 2.2.1 Video: fusing roll materials on a roof with a slope of 13-14 °
    • 2.2.2 Composition of the roofing cake of a soft roll roof
    • 2.2.3 Features of laying a soft roll roof
    • 2.2.4 Installation of a roll roofing cake
    • 2.2.5 Video: installation of the TN-Roof Express Solid system

  • 2.3 Roofing cake for soft tile roofing

    • 2.3.1 Composition of a roofing cake for soft tiles
    • 2.3.2 Features of the roofing cake for shingles
    • 2.3.3 Video: 5 Elements for Proper Roof Ventilation
    • 2.3.4 Installation of a roofing cake under soft tiles
    • 2.3.5 Video: installation of a soft roof - from preparation of the base to installation of flexible shingles

  • 2.4 Roofing cake for cold soft roofs

    • 2.4.1 Video: Ceiling vapor barrier in a cold attic
    • 2.4.2 Composition of cold roofing cake
    • 2.4.3 Installation of a soft cold roof

  • 2.5 Roofing cake for insulated soft roof

    • 2.5.1 Laying scheme of roofing cake for warm soft roofs
    • 2.5.2 Video: installation of the Tegola warm soft roof
  • 2.6 Additional insulating layers of the roofing cake
  • 2.7 Video: installation of the pitched roofing pie

Roofing cake for soft roofing

The roof is an inseparable part of any building that performs two functions: protective and decorative. Skillfully selected shape of the roof and covering material protect the building from bad weather, and in harmony with the facade they can change the simplest building beyond recognition.

The soft roof gives the simplest exterior a sophisticated and stylish look

Today, soft roofs are very popular among developers. This is due to its advantages, the key of which is ideal waterproofing. Thanks to the huge variety of roofing materials, roofs of any shape can be made strong, reliable, durable and attractive.

Soft roofing materials are used to cover both flat and pitched roofs, regardless of the roof area and the complexity of its construction.

Soft roofing by texture, composition of the top layer, shape and color is divided into 3 types:

1. Arranged from piece materials - bitumen (soft) shingles, which are characterized by excellent sound insulation properties, resistance to weathering, tightness and ease of installation.
2. Self-leveling (mastic) roofing is a multilayer waterproofing carpet made of bituminous, polymer-bitumen and polymer emulsions and mastics.

3. Roll roofing or membrane (PVC, EPDM and TPO coatings) based on roofing material, glassine and roofing felt with various modern additives. These coatings are distinguished by their high resistance to wear, fading and temperature extremes, as well as beautiful appearance, strength, elasticity and excellent waterproofing properties. Rolled roofing retains its qualities throughout its entire service life.

   

   For the construction of a soft roof, mastic, roll and piece materials in the form of bituminous tiles are used

Each type of soft roof has its pros and cons, so you need to choose based on expediency and common sense. For example, it is better to make a flat roof from roll or mastic materials.

Roofing mastics are used as waterproofing, a full-fledged decorative coating and for fastening roll materials

Piece shingles will look good on large roofs that are well viewed from all sides.

Complex shaped roofs are usually covered with soft tiles that look great from any distance

Rolled covering materials are the cheapest of all types, therefore they are in demand more often. Especially taking into account the fact that recently there have been new-generation roll coatings with an optimal price-quality ratio.

The use of modern roll materials with an improved composition of a two-layer coating significantly extends the life of the roof and increases its aesthetic performance

A roofing cake for a soft roof has a more complex structure than for a solid structure. As a result, the longevity of the roof and the house as a whole will depend on the correctness of its laying. For different types of soft roofs, roofing pies of various composition are constructed, taking into account all the factors that affect the operational properties of the roof.

The standard scheme of a roofing cake for a soft roof includes materials for hydro, steam and thermal insulation, continuous sheathing and ventilation gaps to remove condensation

A typical roofing cake structure consists of the following parts:

1. Vapor barrier layer. It is designed to protect the materials of the roofing cake from getting wet due to the penetration of moisture from the interior and the formation of condensation.

   

   For the installation of a soft roof, superdiffusion membranes, three-layer polypropylene and multilayer polyethylene films are used, which reliably protect all layers of the roofing cake

2. Lathing and counter-lathing. They increase the strength of the structure and form a ventilation gap, preventing rotting of the rafter system from the resulting condensation.

   

   Under a soft roof, a continuous sheathing is usually built from sheets of waterproof plywood or OSB or from edged boards laid with a gap of 3-5 mm

3. Thermal insulation layer. The main role of this element is to prevent heat loss through the roofing system and create a good sound and noise absorbing barrier.

   

   For soft roofs, slab or roll mineral wool insulation is more often used.

4. Waterproofing or diffusion layer. It protects the under-roof space, residential and utility rooms of the house from precipitation.

   

   Waterproofing membranes and films in the composition of the roofing cake protect the under-roof space and the house as a whole from the penetration of atmospheric moisture

5. Ventilated space. This is an indispensable element of the roofing cake, which is responsible for the natural ventilation of the roof, without which condensation in the under-roof space in a short time can render the entire structure unusable.

   

   Air circulation in the under-roof space occurs through the holes in the eaves, the gap under the finish coating, due to the presence of a counter-lattice, and the space of the cold triangle under the ridge element

6. Covering flooring. The top coat protects the entire roof structure and performs a decorative function - it gives the exterior elegance, solidity, pretentiousness or playfulness. That is, such an appearance as the owner of the house wants to see him.

The roofing cake has wooden components, so it cannot be placed close to the chimneys. The indentation norms are regulated by SNiP 41-01-2003. In this regard, the resulting empty space is filled with mineral wool non-combustible material, and an apron made of laminated or galvanized metal is mounted around the pipes.

The junction zones of chimneys and ventilation pipes are separated from the wooden elements with a layer of non-combustible insulation, and from above they are covered with a sealed apron made of metal or heat-resistant elastic materials

Video: the right roofing pie

Types of roofing cake for a soft roof

Rolled and piece soft roofing materials have excellent moisture resistance, flexibility and elasticity, which greatly simplifies installation. But for them to perform their functions, you need to arrange a precise roofing pie that will enhance the benefits of soft flooring and minimize the disadvantages.

Roofing Pie Requirements

Compliance with the advice and recommendations of the manufacturers of roofing materials when laying the roofing cake is the key to effective and long-term operation of the roof. The absence of at least one layer, the use of unsuitable or low-quality materials, as well as neglect of the laying rules will lead to roof leaks, wetting of the heat insulator, decay of wooden and corrosion of metal parts of the rafter system.

Therefore, when arranging a soft roof and determining the layers of the pie, you need to pay attention to the following points:

1. Building type - residential building, production (workshops, warehouses) or utility building.
2. The presence of a heated under-roof space - when constructing a residential attic, the presence of a heat-insulating layer is mandatory, and with it a vapor barrier to protect the insulation from getting wet.
3. Weather conditions in a specific region. For example, in areas of high humidity, an additional waterproof layer is provided.
4. The nature of the use of structures - in summer cottages for seasonal residence, the use of insulation, as a rule, is not practiced.

Roofing cake for roll roofing materials

Roll roofing materials are used on roofs with a slope from 0 to 30 °. These can be flat roofs of modern buildings, as well as simple or complex pitched surfaces of private houses. Roll coatings are distinguished by the base (baseless or having a layer of refractory bitumen) and the method of attachment:

1. Mechanical fixation of canvases with mastic and galvanized nails. This scheme increases the roof strength threshold and is practiced on both pitched and flat roofs.

2. Fusion using bitumen melted under a gas burner. This method of constructing a soft roof is used only on flat roofs.

   

   Fusion of roll materials is carried out by heating the bitumen base with a gas burner

Video: fusing roll materials on a roof with a slope of 13-14 °

The composition of the roofing cake of a soft roll roof

Roll materials are laid in one or several layers (most often in two) on a base of floor slabs or profiled sheets, depending on which the composition of the roofing cake is formed.

If the base of the roof is made of reinforced concrete slabs, then a layer of expanded clay (slope), a concrete screed and a bitumen primer are added to the composition of the roofing cake.

When based on reinforced concrete slabs, the roofing cake has the following composition:

• concrete plates;
• a layer of expanded clay along the slope;
• cement-sand leveling screed;
• primer;

• vapor barrier made of rolled bituminous materials;

  

  For the device of a vapor barrier layer, they usually use polyethylene film or foil materials.

• insulation - mainly mineral wool heat insulators are used;
• roll coating.

If profiled sheets are the basis, then the roofing cake has the following composition:

• steel profiled sheets;
• vapor barrier in the form of polyethylene films;
• mineral wool insulation layer with mechanical fixation;

• membrane materials.

  

  PVC membranes consist of three layers, the total thickness of which is directly proportional to the service life of the coating

If necessary, for a welded roof, a cake on a concrete base is slightly simplified:

• reinforced concrete slabs;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation;
• expanded clay screed;

• the lower layer of the deposited material and the upper layer of the roll flooring.

  

  In the roofing cake under the overlaid covering flooring, the layers of screed and slope may be absent

Features of laying a soft roll roof

Capital preparation of the base will significantly improve the quality of the roll roofing. For this you need:

• monolith the joints of reinforced concrete slabs and level the surface, making it as smooth as possible;
• thoroughly clean the base of profiled sheets from shavings, dust, oils and apply a continuous layer of paint and varnish coating from the side of the vapor barrier, if this is provided for by the project.

Experts recommend:

1. To equip a soft roof at an air temperature from -5 to +25 ° C. The best time is mid spring, late summer and early autumn.
2. Lay on the base a solid crate made of moisture-resistant OSB and fiberboard, treated with an antiseptic and capable of withstanding decent loads.
3. Install thermal insulation and screed in one shift.
4. When installing roll materials on a roof with a slope of more than 10%, glue the vapor barrier layer to the base over the entire area. On smaller slopes, the vapor barrier can be laid dry, but with the obligatory gluing of the seams.
5. Before starting the installation, draw up a roofing pie scheme and adhere to it throughout the entire time of the work.

The type of base influences the use of insulating materials when laying the roll roofing cake. When arranging a vapor barrier on reinforced concrete slabs, materials based on fiberglass or bituminous polymers are used - "Bikroelast", "Ekoflex", "Linokrom" and others. And when laying a vapor barrier on a sheet base, materials are provided that are glued to the upper corrugations of the sheet base - "Technoelast EPP", "Uniflex UPP" and the like.

There are also nuances for installing a heat-insulating layer - when installing a soft roll roof on a galvanized sheet base, the thickness of the heat insulator should be more than half the distance between adjacent ridges of the profiled sheet. In addition, the fastening of the slab insulation layer is carried out separately from the roofing carpet using at least two fasteners for each slab.

Roofing cake for a soft roof on a galvanized sheet base is made so that the thickness of the thermal insulation is more than half the distance between the corrugations of the profiled sheet

Installation of roofing cake for roll roofing

Let us analyze how to correctly lay roofing materials using the example of a flat roof:

1. Prepare the base, carefully cleaning it from debris and remnants of the old roofing. If necessary, wash the base and dry well.

2. A solid crate is stuffed onto the prepared base, taking into account that the solid crate of plywood or particle boards should have gaps of 3 mm to ensure ventilation, and from board scraps - 3-5 mm.

   

   Plates with solid sheathing must be laid with a gap of 3 mm

3. A vapor barrier layer is laid and fixed to the walls of the building with triangular wooden slats treated with an antiseptic.
4. A lining carpet is mounted and fixed around the perimeter with metal strips (fillets) to cover the joints.

5. The first layer of bituminous coating is applied, an additional layer of waterproofing is arranged on top of it, on which the second layer of roofing is made.

   

   A soft roll coating is laid in 2-3 layers, placing special reinforcing materials between them

When laying ready-made roofing systems, such as TN-Roof Express Solid and the like, the installation scheme changes slightly, and the work itself becomes more expensive. But the roof is more durable and reliable.

"TN-Roof Express Solid" is intended for roofs on which it is impossible or difficult to perform mechanical fastening of the materials of the roofing pie into the load-bearing reinforced concrete base

Video: installation of the TN-Roof Express Solid system

Soft Tile Roofing Pie

Flexible (bituminous) shingles are mainly used on pitched roofs. The flat version of covering with soft tiles is rarely practiced - when a flat roof is used as an addition to a complex pitched roof.

Soft shingles are mainly installed on pitched roofs, and on flat roofs they are used as an addition to the main coating

This wonderful material, invented almost 30 years ago, is widely known for its qualities:

1. Environmental friendliness and resistance to fire.
2. Excellent sound insulation. According to this indicator, bituminous tiles are superior to almost all other roofing decks.
3. Ease of installation. It is enough to glue the covering material and fix it with nails. This is especially valuable when arranging complex roofs, since the speed of work without the involvement of qualified specialists and sophisticated equipment significantly reduces money costs.
4. A wealth of shapes, colors and modifications, which allows you to realize any design fantasy in the roof.
5. Resistance to sharp climatic changes, strong winds, heavy snow and hail.

6. Long service life - up to 50 years.

   

   The bottom layer of bitumen ensures reliable adhesion of the tiles to the base, and the top powder - the strength and durability of the coating

The composition of the roofing cake for soft tiles

Let us consider the composition of a cake under a soft tile covering on the example of the products of Technonikol, a large domestic manufacturer of rolled roofing materials.

Roofing cake for soft tiles can be completely composed of TechnoNIKOL products

Layering of layers from the inside out:

1. Ceiling upholstery inside the roof space.
2. Vapor barrier membrane laid with the outlet side to the heat insulator.
3. Transverse lathing for fastening insulation.
4. Plate heat insulator located between the rafters.
5. Waterproofing (windproof) layer (superdiffusion membrane).
6. Counter-lattice from a bar to provide ventilation under the roof.
7. Solid flooring made of edged or grooved board, moisture-resistant plywood or chipboard.

8. Lining carpet - fits in whole or in part (when the roof slopes from 20 °).

   

   With a slope of more than 20 degrees, the lining carpet can only be laid in the most critical places: on the ridge, eaves and at the ends

9. Tiled topcoat.

Features of roofing shingles under shingles

Since soft shingles are completely waterproof and vapor proof, for a roof with such a flooring it is necessary to provide free and good air circulation throughout the roof. For this, the necessary ventilation gaps are equipped:

1. A counter-lattice is compulsorily packed, which will provide natural aeration of the under-roof space.

2. When installing the ridge unit, aerators are installed - additional roofing elements for additional ventilation or air vents are made using cornice-ridge tiles or ordinary shingles.

   

   To ensure ventilation of the under-roof space, it is advisable to use a special aerator as a ridge element

3. A third ventilation gap is installed in the area of the eaves.

Video: 5 Elements for Proper Roof Ventilation

Installation of roofing cake under soft tiles

Laying the cake under the shingles is carried out in the following sequence:

1. A vapor barrier is laid along the rafters from the inside of the attic, fastening the canvas with a construction stapler, or gluing it with tape.

   

   Vapor barrier under a soft roof is laid along the rafters from the inside of the attic

2. On the outside of the roof, between the rafter legs, an insulator plate is placed on the edge.

   

   The heat-insulating layer is laid between the rafters from the outer (street) side of the roof, while the height of the insulation should be less than the width of the rafter legs in order to form a ventilation gap

3. The insulation is covered with a waterproofing film or membrane, fixing the strips with mounting tape.

4. Counter battens are stuffed to fasten the insulation and provide ventilation.

   

   After laying the waterproofing layer, a sparse crate is stuffed, which will fix the insulation and provide under-roof ventilation

5. Plywood is laid, and on top of it a lining carpet.

   

   First, a solid flooring is attached to the crate, and then an underlay carpet

6. Install soft tiles.

   

   Bituminous shingles are mounted from the eaves to the ridge ridge along the continuous flooring over the underlayment

Video: installation of a soft roof - from preparation of the base to installation of flexible shingles

Roofing cake for cold soft roofing

The roof without insulation is left in the case when year-round living in the house is not provided - garden houses, for example. And also when they equip sheds, verandas, gazebos, or the attic room was originally conceived as cold - a wine cellar, a storage room for storing preservation and things.

An example of a cold soft roof made from bituminous tiles is non-insulated canopies over the entrance.

Cold attics are sheathed from the inside, equipped with various shelves and shelves, or left without cladding if they are not going to use the attic at all.

The attic room with a cold soft roof can be upholstered from the inside with clapboard

Advantages of a cold loft with a soft roof:

• savings - insulation, if necessary, is laid only along the ceiling, which reduces the cost of arranging the roof;

  

  In cold attics, the insulation is laid only horizontally along the upper floor slabs

• maintainability - horizontally laid insulating material, not covered with films, is easy to replace;
• more warmth and comfort in living quarters - you can install a heat insulator at least 1 m thick, while in the attic room it is already problematic to install a heater 200–250 mm thick.

When arranging a cold attic, attention should be paid to vapor barrier from the side of residential premises. Otherwise, moisture, getting from warm to cold zones, will settle in the form of condensation on the insulation of the upper floor, rendering it unusable. The ventilation of a non-insulated attic should be adjustable. It is carried out in three ways:

• through the front door and dormer windows plus two deflectors in the roof;
• with the help of gable grids and eaves ventilation;

• by means of a ventilated ridge and through eaves.

  

  Air circulation along a soft roof with a cold attic is carried out through eaves, gable gratings, roof aerators and vents, as well as through doors and windows

Video: ceiling vapor barrier in a cold attic

Cold Roofing Pie Composition

A roof pie with an uninsulated attic space has a simple structure:

• rafter frame;
• stepping crate;
• moisture resistant plywood or OSB-3 boards;
• lining carpet that performs the function of waterproofing;

• bituminous tiles.

  

  When installing a cold roof from flexible shingles, the covering material and the underlayment are placed on the crate, which is attached directly to the rafters

Installation of a soft cold roof

Due to the simplicity of the roofing cake and the laying of materials, it is much easier to mount a cold roof than a warm one:

1. A step-by-step crate is stuffed along the rafters, on top of which plywood or particle boards are laid with a break in the joints. Docking is done along the rafter legs, leaving a gap of 3 mm between the plates. Plywood (boards) is fixed with self-tapping screws or roofing nails.

   

   Under the cold soft roof, a sparse sheathing is mounted on the rafters and a continuous flooring is laid

2. A lining carpet is mounted, starting from the bottom and rolling the roll material along the eaves. It is fixed with nails or self-tapping screws every 20 cm. When installing the carpet, overlaps are maintained - horizontal 100 mm and transverse 150 mm. All joints are well sealed.
3. On top of the carpet, end and cornice strips are installed.
4. Lay soft tiles in the direction from the eaves to the ridge.

Roofing cake for insulated soft roof

The cake for an insulated roof with a soft roof is a little more difficult than for a cold roof. A layer of heat insulator has been added to it with an accompanying vapor barrier material, which protects the insulation from getting wet.

The device of a roofing cake for an insulated soft roof differs from a "cold" one by the presence of layers of steam and heat insulation

The arrangement of the layers is unchanged, we have already written about them above, so we will consider the installation of a roofing pie for an insulated roof with a soft coating.

Laying diagram of a roofing cake for a warm soft roof

1. From inside the attic, a vapor barrier membrane is fixed to the rafters with a stapler. Lay it from the bottom up parallel to the eaves, gluing the canvases with tape.

   

   The vapor barrier film is fixed with a stapler, and the joints are sealed with adhesive tape

2. On top of the vapor barrier, a wooden or metal frame is stuffed with a step that is determined by the internal finishing material. In particular, for drywall, the sheathing bars should be placed at a distance of 40-60 cm.
3. On the outside of the roof, spacers are installed between the rafter legs, designed to strengthen the plate heat insulator. The spacers are made 2-3 cm less than the thickness of the plates. This will help to firmly fix the insulation in the created compartments.

4. In the resulting recesses (honeycombs), a slab insulation is laid so that its height is 3-5 cm lower than the rafter legs. This forms the first ventilation gap.

   

   Insulation plates should enter the gaps between the rafter joists with noticeable resistance

5. Equip roofing vents. For this, the outer counter-lattice is stuffed along the rafter legs, forming a second ventilation gap.
6. On top of the outer counter-lattice, a continuous flooring of moisture-resistant materials is mounted, on which an additional waterproof layer (lining carpet) is laid.

7. Lay soft tiles.

   

   When forming a roofing cake, it is necessary to adhere to the sequence of laying materials and monitor the formation of ventilation gaps

In regions with a harsh climate, the standard thickness of 15–20 cm of insulation plate is often not enough. In this case, the heat insulator is laid in two layers, for which, after laying the first layer, counter-battens are stuffed perpendicular to the rafters, an additional layer of insulation is laid, and then the bars are mounted along the rafter legs. These bars will be the basis for fastening a solid crate.

When laying the insulation in two layers across the rafters, they stuff additional locks from a bar with a section of 50x50 mm

Video: installation of a warm soft roof Tegola

Additional insulating layers of the roofing cake

Additional protective layers are mounted in areas with high humidity and heavy snowfall. They are equipped in roofing units with an increased load - valleys, pipe passages, gutters, ridge ridges, roof overhangs - laying strips of bitumen-polymer coating or a special self-adhesive waterproofing agent.

On flat roofs, special attention is paid to protecting internal corners through additional layering of roofing material, priming or patching.

Additional protective insulating layers are laid at the junctions, along the ridge ridge and the passage of valleys, on the hips and roof overhangs

Video: installation of pitched roofing pie

It is not worth saving on the roofing pie arrangement. Strict adherence to the technology of installing a soft roof, the correct sequence when laying layers and the use of high-quality materials will allow the roof of the house to serve for a long time without additional financial costs for repairs and maintenance.