Roof Waterproofing And Its Types, As Well As Features Of Its Design And Installation, Depending On The Roofing Material

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 22:26

Waterproofing the roof of a private house

Reliable waterproofing of the roof ensures its long-term operation and comfortable living in the house. The relevance of the problem is confirmed by the saturation of the market with materials for its solution. The choice depends on the type of roof and the roofing material used.

Content

• 1 Roof waterproofing device

  1.1 Photo gallery: roof waterproofing

• 2 The main types of waterproofing

• 3 Insulating materials for roofs

  • 3.1 Bituminous mastics

    • 3.1.1 Types of bituminous mastics
    • 3.1.2 Scope
    • 3.1.3 Video: bituminous mastics for garage roofing

  • 3.2 Film waterproofing materials

    • 3.2.1 Basic properties of waterproofing film
    • 3.2.2 Roof waterproofing membranes
    • 3.2.3 Video: features of installation of waterproofing films
    • 3.2.4 Main brands of membrane films

  • 3.3 Roof waterproofing with liquid rubber

    • 3.3.1 Video: waterproofing the roof with liquid rubber
    • 3.3.2 Applications

  • 3.4 Adhesive tape for waterproofing

    • 3.4.1 Application features
    • 3.4.2 Video: Applying Scotch Tape for Waterproofing

• 4 Installation of roof waterproofing

  • 4.1 Waterproofing concrete roofs
  • 4.2 Waterproofing of the roof for metal tiles
  • 4.3 Waterproofing seam roof
  • 4.4 Waterproofing a roof with corrugated board

• 5 Waterproofing of roof elements

  • 5.1 Processing Mauerlat
  • 5.2 Sealing of roof junctions

Roof waterproofing device

The purpose of a set of measures for waterproofing is to protect the structure from water during precipitation - rain, snow, hail. If there are leaks in the roof, moisture penetrates inside, quickly rendering the rafter system unusable. In the building, the walls are damp, giving room for putrefactive processes and the development of fungal formations. As a result, living in such a house becomes impossible.

Photo gallery: roof waterproofing

The membrane can reliably protect the roof from moisture

For waterproofing a flat roof, roll material can be used

Monolithic bitumen layer reliably protects the roof from water

A reliable roof can be made of welded roll materials

The main types of waterproofing

The whole variety of materials for this purpose can be classified as follows:

1. Oleechnaya waterproofing. It is represented by various roll materials, such as roofing felt, roofing felt or glassine. These are classic representatives of glued waterproofing, but now there are more effective products made with the use of polymer components. The device of this layer is associated with pasting the roof with a continuous carpet in several layers.

   

   Installation of roll waterproofing is carried out on bitumen

2. Paint insulation. When using this method, the material is applied to the roof in a layer 2 mm thick. Polymeric one- or two-component compositions are used. The most convenient are one-component air-curing. They are used for waterproofing flat roofs on a concrete base. Considering the continuity of the coating layer without seams and joints, it can be considered the most reliable. When constructing it, special attention should be paid to the junctions, using a reinforcing construction mesh for their processing.

   

   You can apply paint waterproofing to the roof with a spray gun

3. Waterproofing with sheet canvases. This method is used on highly stressed roofing systems. The classic representative of such materials is steel sheet. After laying it on the substrate, the joints are joined by welding. At the present time, polymer materials have been developed and are used, which are connected at temperatures up to 600 degrees using a building hair dryer.

   

   Foil sheet materials reliably protect the roof from leaks

4. Film waterproofing. This type of protection is used on pitched roofs. The main difficulty is the correct laying of the material. Installation is made with an overlap, and the joints are glued with construction tape.

   

   To fix the waterproofing membrane, a counter grid is mounted

Insulating materials for roofs

The abundance of materials on the construction market requires certain knowledge of their features and methods of application.

Bituminous mastics

They are made from oil refined products - light bitumen. They are a thick, sharp-smelling black mass that solidifies in air. This forms a dense elastic film that does not allow water to pass through. The material is appreciated for its economical consumption and ease of installation and repair.

Various compositions of mastics have been developed:

1. Bituminous mixture. The cheapest material in this class. Differs in the lowest resistance to weathering and short service life. Roofs made with bitumen mastic require constant care and maintenance.

   

   Bituminous mastic is the cheapest waterproofing material

2. Polymer-bituminous mastics. They are made from a mixture of the first two materials with the addition of plasticizers. Depending on the composition, they have the properties of each of the components to one degree or another. The result is a mass of sufficient quality at an affordable price.

Types of bituminous mastics

Materials based on this base are produced in different forms depending on the place of use. Depending on how the mastic is used, it can be:

1. Hot. The melting temperature of the bituminous material is about 170 degrees. In this state, it turns into a liquid state, which allows application in various ways. Such mastics are characterized by economy and low price. However, in low-rise construction, they are not widely used due to the complexity of supply to the top. This process requires the use of special equipment. The limiting factor is the requirement for the outside air temperature - at least 5 degrees Celsius.

   

   Warm up the hot mastic before use.

2. Cold mastics. Such material is sold individually packed in buckets. Its main application is roof repair in places of leaks and at small volumes of work. The material is ready for use immediately upon opening the container.

Application area

Bitumen-based mastics can be used for the following purposes:

1. Hydro or steam protection. The dense film that this material forms during polymerization is a reliable protection against water and moisture. This increases the service life of protected building structures.
2. Gluing roll waterproofing, due to the high adhesion of bitumen to any surfaces. It can be used to reliably lay roofing felt, roofing felt, glassine or membrane materials. The result is a reliable monolithic coating.
3. Pouring the surface of flat roofs on high-rise buildings for industrial or residential use.
4. Use to apply a protective coating to metal parts or structures to prevent corrosion.

Polymer-bitumen compositions with a service life of up to 15 years are considered optimal. They remain elastic at low temperatures and have high adhesion to most materials used in construction.

Video: bituminous mastics for garage roofing

Film waterproofing materials

Moisture can enter the roofing cake in two ways:

• through leaks in the final roofing as a result of roof installation errors or damage during operation;
• due to condensation of moisture on the back of the topcoat and damage to the waterproofing film.

Waterproofing with foil materials will reliably insulate the roof

Basic properties of waterproofing film

A waterproofing film is used to organize a ventilation space under the roof, which may also have a second channel - between the waterproofer and the insulation.

A quality material must have the following properties:

• moisture resistance;
• mechanical strength;
• heat resistance to low and high temperatures, as well as to its drops;
• elasticity.

The form of release of the waterproofing film is rolls weighing up to 9 kg, the length is about 50 mm with a width of 1.5 mm. The thickness of the film should be about 200 microns.

These characteristics make it possible to use this material not only on roofs, but also on basement and intermediate floors and for insulating walls, gables and similar objects.

It is roll waterproofing that is most often used

In the construction markets, film materials are represented by the following types:

1. Glassine. It is used for steam and waterproofing. It is based on cellulose impregnated with bituminous materials. Therefore, glassine does not emit harmful or carcinogenic substances into the surrounding space, being an environmentally friendly material. It is easy to install and quite cheap.

   

   Glassine is an environmentally friendly material

2. Polyethylene films. Durable material due to the use of reinforcing inserts, including fabric.

   Most often, a perforated film is used, which has an enhanced vapor barrier. Its disadvantages include the accumulation of moisture in the insulation at the slightest damage. In dry weather, moisture evaporates and holes can become clogged. Installing the film under the topcoat requires a 25-50 mm ventilation gap. Non-perforated films are considered to be more durable and reliable. Foil polyethylene films are used in places with high humidity. Polypropylene films are more durable than previous products. The structure of its surface allows you to retain moisture on the surface thanks to a special anti-condensation layer consisting of a cellulose-viscose coating. The material is UV resistant. This film is most often used with metallic topcoats,capable of increased condensation.

   

   Perforated film is a hydro and vapor barrier

Antioxidant film coatings do not have micro-holes, but are breathable.

Foil film is a means of increased protection

Roof waterproofing membranes

The building materials market offers many types of waterproofing materials, but membrane films are recognized as the best of them. This type of protection of the roofing cake completely does not allow moisture to pass through, moreover, it actively removes it from the insulation, since it has one-sided permeability. This became possible due to the perforation of the film web with microscopic holes.

The membrane is, in fact, the same plastic film, only with holes. In terms of strength, it can be used as a temporary roof covering with waterproofing properties, withstanding up to two months of operation. The tensile strength of a five-centimeter sample is 10 kilograms.

The membrane film can act as a temporary roof covering for two months

The material is flame retardant and UV-resistant.

According to the degree of permeability, membrane films are divided into three main types:

• diffusion;
• superdiffusion;
• condensate.

Each of these types has its own characteristics. So, diffusion films completely do not let water through from the outside and actively remove moisture from the roofing cake. This material is environmentally friendly, does not emit harmful substances even when heated, and is resistant to fungi and bacteria. The moisture throughput is at least 300 mg from 1 m ² per day. This figure for superdiffusion is 300-1000 mg, and condensate multilayer coatings remove more than 1000 mg.

The service life of waterproofing, according to manufacturers, can be up to 100 years, although it is not yet possible to verify the truth of this indicator.

Membrane superdiffusion waterproofing is not used under a metal folded roof, euro slate and metal tiles without an acrylic layer. These materials contribute to the formation of a large amount of moisture, which can only be dealt with by a condensation film.

Video: features of installing waterproofing films

Main brands of membrane films

Membrane films are produced by many manufacturers, including:

1. Yutafol company. Acceptance of products is carried out by independent experts, as a result of which its quality is consistently high. Products are produced in small rolls, which simplifies logistics for the consumer. The cost per square meter of film is from 1 dollar.
2. Tyvek company. The range of this manufacturer includes so-called "smart" films that remove water vapor and moisture, preventing it from penetrating into the roofing cake. They do an excellent job of waterproofing in mansard and attic spaces.
3. The Technonikol company, which operates mainly in the domestic Russian market, in contrast to the first two manufacturers focused on Europe. Films "TechnoNIKOL" are strong, resistant to tension and UV radiation.

It should be noted that the choice of a quality film does not guarantee the quality of waterproofing. The main factor is the correct installation of the protective cover.

Roof waterproofing with liquid rubber

It is a popular material for insulating roofs. It is based on a bitumen emulsion. In addition, plasticizers and a hardener are added to the composition. The latter is responsible for the hardening of the applied layer. It occurs at a temperature of +5 degrees, while the mass remains plastic.

Liquid rubber is a very durable waterproofing material

Liquid rubber is a universal means for waterproofing roofs due to the following properties:

1. Solidity. After final hardening, this material is a continuous protective layer without seams and joints, reliably protecting the covered surface.
2. High degree of adhesion to any material. This property is due to the ability of the material in a liquid state to penetrate into the pores and cracks of the base.
3. Resistance to environmental influences. The material is able to retain its properties when it is in the temperature range from -80 to + 90 degrees, which is quite consistent with the climatic conditions of Russia.
4. Ease of use. The material can be applied to surfaces in several ways - by roller, brush or spraying, both on horizontal and vertical planes.

The disadvantages of bulk waterproofing is their lack of resistance to ultraviolet radiation . Therefore, after hardening, it must be protected with silicone or water-borne paints.

Video: waterproofing the roof with liquid rubber

Areas of use

Liquid rubber waterproofing can be used for:

1. Waterproofing of flat roofs. The composition is poured directly onto the base free of debris and spread over it in a thin layer. The technology is called self-leveling roofing.
2. Performing a primer on the surface for subsequent installation of roll roofing.
3. Arrangement of protective coatings on foundations and any other building elements. Possessing antibacterial properties, bitumen reliably and for a long time protects them from harmful effects.
4. Repair work on soft roofs. Liquid rubber can be used to reliably seal up leaks, fix leaks at joints, or simply apply a patch.

You can apply liquid rubber with a roller or spray gun

Waterproofing tape

The main purpose of the roof is to ensure the tightness of the roof, preventing moisture from entering the under-roof space. To solve this problem, adhesive tapes are used.

It differs from other waterproofing materials in a complex structure. The basis for the adhesive tape is a foil layer of copper or aluminum, under which there is a fabric, mesh or non-woven material. This is followed by a sticky bitumen layer and a paper tape separator.

Before use, the separating layer must be removed and applied with a bituminous adhesive surface to the desired place.

The material is used for additional sealing of the joints of tapes of rolled materials during their installation. To do this, tape is applied over the joint and pressed tightly to the surface of the material. The bituminous layer holds the tape securely on the surface.

The main place of application of adhesive tapes is on the abutments of the roof covering at the intersections with pipes or walls, on valleys and other similar places.

The main advantages of this waterproofing material are:

1. High levels of tightness imparted to the material by the bitumen layer.
2. High strength due to metal and reinforcement layers.
3. Elasticity that allows you to tightly cover the abutting surfaces.
4. Can be used on all surfaces of materials used to create blood.
5. Durability - the service life of the material is determined at 10 years.
6. The ability to operate in a wide temperature range from -60 to +90 degrees.
7. Resistant to aggressive environments.
8. Easy to install, no tools required other than a knife or scissors.

If you use adhesive tape on the abutments, there will be no leaks

The adhesive tapes are produced in reels, the length of the tape can be from three to ten meters with a width of 50-450 millimeters. the cost is quite democratic. An exception is scotch tape with copper plating.

Application features

Scotch tape does not require any special skills. But a certain order of actions must be strictly followed:

1. Before applying the tape, the surface must be thoroughly cleaned of debris and dust and dried.
2. For a better fit with the base, you need to prime it. The composition of the solution is indicated on the packaging of the adhesive tape, as well as the method of its use. The area to be treated must be degreased with acetone and dried for at least 15 minutes.
3. Cut a piece of scotch tape of the required size from the roll, and then remove the protective film.
4. Apply the tape with an adhesive bitumen layer to the place of insulation and carefully roll it in with a roller. All air bubbles must be removed, otherwise the tightness of the insulating layer will be compromised.
5. When isolating large areas, you need to lay the adhesive tape in separate pieces. In this case, it is necessary to make an overlap between them measuring 1.5–3.0 cm.
6. For guaranteed tightness, the surface of the tape can be covered with a bituminous sealant.

Video: using adhesive tape for waterproofing

Roof waterproofing installation

The installation procedure for the insulating layer for each of the materials used has its own characteristics.

Waterproofing concrete roofs

Concrete floors are most often made from slabs. Therefore, when installing the roof, a prerequisite is the installation of a screed made of a waterproof concrete composition. In this case, you need to use beacons to arrange a guaranteed bias towards the drain devices.

When the screed is ready, you need to apply a layer of primer for which bituminous compounds are used.

Then waterproofing is arranged, while the following materials can be used:

1. Hot bitumen mastics applied in bulk and smoothed with rollers, sprinkler brushes or sprayers. The method is used for large flat roofs of industrial and residential buildings.
2. Cold bituminous mastics applied by brush or roller.
3. Roll materials of various types, which are installed using heating with a flame of burners (welded roofs).
4. Roll materials installed on cold bitumen mastic. The method is common in private housing construction.

When waterproofing concrete roof surfaces, it is necessary to additionally lay a layer of insulation with a thickness of 100-200 mm.

Spraying bituminous mastic forms a monolithic waterproofing

Roof waterproofing for metal tiles

This type of roof topcoat is made of galvanized steel sheets coated with paints and varnishes or polymers. This device explains the formation of a large amount of condensation on the inside of the coating. If there is no waterproofing, moisture penetrates the insulation, disabling not only the thermal insulation, but also the rafter system.

In this case, it is recommended to use a condensate film. It must be installed under the cotter-lattice without tension with an overlap of 12-15 cm and the joints must be glued with tape. A properly arranged roof can last up to 50 years with a manufacturer's warranty period for the topcoat of 10 years. If the roof is leaking, the service life is reduced to 3-5 years.

Sealing a roof with metal tiles is mandatory for both insulated and cold systems.

A ventilation space is necessarily formed under the metal tile

Seam roof waterproofing

The material for the production of seam roofing is a galvanized non-profiled steel sheet. By itself, such a coating is self-sufficient if it is made in compliance with all installation rules. In this case, various sealants or adhesive tapes can be used to seal gaps at the abutments of the roof to pipes or vertical structural elements.

The use of sealing materials is essential for roof repairs. For this, bituminous, rubber-bitumen or polymer sealants are used, and in case of extensive damage - roll materials reinforced with a reinforcing mesh.

The roof is repaired in the following order:

1. Before using a waterproofing material, the roof surface must be thoroughly cleaned of dirt.
2. Places where rust appears through the protective layer of zinc must be carefully cleaned, removing the bulges of the zinc coating. Damaged areas should be treated with phosphoric acid or other rust reducing agents.
3. Degrease the damaged area with white spirit or acetone, and only then apply a layer of sealant.
4. At the end of the repair of the damage, these places must be allowed to dry, after which a continuous waterproofing covering of the roof can be made.

On the construction market, you can buy sealants of almost any color, which allows you to solve design ideas when repairing a roof.

Seamed roof waterproofing is applied during renovation

Roof waterproofing with corrugated board

Profiled steel sheet does not fundamentally differ from metal tiles with regard to the principle of operation. Therefore, the method of waterproofing a roof with such a coating can be applied in the same way. In any case, this fully applies to insulated roofs.

In the case of a cold roof with corrugated board, expensive membrane waterproofing can be abandoned in favor of using a continuous polyethylene film with a thickness of 200 microns.

Waterproofing of roof elements

When building a country house, there are a number of critical roof elements that need to be given special attention.

Mauerlat processing

One of the main components of the roof structure is the Mauerlat - the supporting structure of the upper structure of the building, which evenly distributes the load from the roof to the building frame. Before installing it, the wood of the Mauerlat is necessarily treated with antiseptic agents and fire retardants. One of the processing options is the coating with bitumen or polymer-bitumen mastic.

The application of the insulating compound is done with a paint roller, brush or spraying. The readiness time for further work is always indicated on the sealant packaging.

Roofing material waterproofing is laid under the Mauerlat

Sealing of roof junctions

This is one of the complex elements of the roof - adjoining chimneys, ventilation pipes and other non-linear structural elements.

To solve this problem, manufacturers of roofing materials include standard additional elements in the delivery set. For each type of roof topcoat, they have an appropriate configuration, usually involving the use of sealing materials.

Currently, sealing materials are being produced that allow sealing the roof with any topcoat profile. Usually they are strips 28–30 cm wide and up to 6 m long. The material of manufacture is plastic lead or aluminum in the form of foil with an adhesive applied on the underside.

This material can be used to seal the joints of the most complex shapes. When fitting the cover, such products can elongate up to 60%, taking any shape. The service life of the products is up to 10 years. The upper edge of the tape is secured by a specially designed Vaka bar without gouging the adjacent surface.

It is recommended to use a special tape to isolate the joints.

Installation of roof waterproofing requires careful and careful execution. Installation errors lead to serious consequences in the form of damage to the rafter system and constant dampness in the house. Therefore, this operation should be given special attention.