Cherry Zhukovskaya: Description And Characteristics Of The Variety, Advantages And Disadvantages, Planting And Care Features + Photos And Reviews

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 22:26

Cherry Zhukovskaya - always fruitful and very tasty

Cherry is popular. These trees are found in almost every garden. New varieties appear, but the old ones do not lose their leading positions. Cherry varieties Zhukovskaya have proven their reliability - after all, it has been grown with pleasure by gardeners for more than a dozen years. The variety is very unpretentious, but it's still worth familiarizing yourself with the features of planting and care.

Content

• 1 Description of cherry varieties Zhukovskaya and photo

  • 1.1 Useful properties and contraindications
  • 1.2 Distinctive features
• 2 Table: advantages and disadvantages of the variety

• 3 Landing features

  • 3.1 Boarding time
  • 3.2 Site selection and preparation
  • 3.3 Selecting a seedling
  • 3.4 Preparing the landing pit
  • 3.5 Step by step process
  • 3.6 Video: planting cherries
  • 3.7 Are pollinators needed
  • 3.8 Photo gallery: the best pollinators of Zhukovskaya cherry

• 4 Plant care

  • 4.1 Crown shaping and pruning
  • 4.2 Video: pruning cherries
  • 4.3 Watering
  • 4.4 Fertilizers
  • 4.5 Table: Fertilization
  • 4.6 Small additions to help with care
  • 4.7 Care of the near-barrel circle
  • 4.8 Shelter for the winter

• 5 Diseases and pests characteristic of Zhukovskaya cherry

  • 5.1 Table: diseases, learning to identify and treat
  • 5.2 Photo gallery: what the symptoms of the disease look like
  • 5.3 Table: pests characteristic of Zhukovskaya cherry
  • 5.4 Photo gallery: learning to recognize a pest
• 6 Harvesting
• 7 Reviews about cherry Zhukovskaya

Description of cherry varieties Zhukovskaya and photo

There are cherry varieties that have passed the test of time and have delighted gardeners for decades. Cherry Zhukovskaya is just such a variety. It can be called a selection classic. The variety was bred in VNIIG and SPR them. Michurin and, having passed the variety tests, in 1947 it was approved for use. Have created a wonderful cherry S. V. Zhukov and E. N. Kharitonov. The Zhukovskaya variety is intended for cultivation in the Central Black Earth, Central, Lower Volga and Middle Volga regions.

Cherry Zhukovskaya - a variety that has stood the test of time

The tree is not very tall, the maximum growth is slightly more than 3 m. The tree acquires a slightly rounded spreading crown as an adult, young seedlings have a pyramidal shape back. Inside, the crown is not very thickened, with an average number of leaves. The shoots are curved, of medium thickness. The bark is reddish brown. Lentils of silver-yellow color are not densely located and are of medium size.

Cherry tree Zhukovskaya is not very tall

Buds of moderate size are brown-gray, not pubescent, slightly pointed. Dark green leaves with crenate serration along the edge, have an oblong-oval shape and resemble a boat due to a slight concavity. The size of the leaf plate is larger than usual. The surface is shiny. Long petioles not pubescent, violet-red on the illuminated side.

The flowers are large, 3 cm in diameter. The rounded petals are dazzling white. The inflorescence consists of 5 flowers.

Zhukovskaya cherry inflorescences consist of 5 flowers

Outwardly, the berry looks very attractive and resembles a sweet cherry. Heart-oval shape. The skin is shiny, dark red in color. When ripe, the fruit becomes almost black. The pulp has a dense consistency, very juicy, colored in a dark red color. Sweet, slightly sour taste, is rated at 5 points. The oval-ovoid bone is easily separated from the pulp. It takes 7.7% of the total weight of the fruit. Zhukovskaya cherries can be called large, because their average weight is 4 g, but some cherries can gain weight up to 7 g.

Zhukovskaya cherry fruits have a very attractive appearance.

Useful properties and contraindications

Cherry Zhukovskaya is just a storehouse of nutrients. It is full of vitamins and minerals. If you catch a cold, cherries will help ease the course of the disease, as it has the ability to remove phlegm from the lungs, is a good antipyretic and anti-inflammatory agent. The oxycoumarin contained in the fruit normalizes blood clotting, which prevents the formation of blood clots. Cherry berries are useful for pregnant women, help to improve sleep, cleanse the liver, and improve stomach motility.

But, like any valuable product, cherries have a number of contraindications. So, people with low blood pressure should be careful to eat the fruit, just like diabetics. Nursing mothers should also refrain from berries, which can cause allergies in the baby. The kernels of the bones contain hydrocyanic acid, so the bones cannot be swallowed. If you are preparing canning, then you also need to get rid of the bone or store the seams for no more than a year.

Cherry Zhukovskaya is full of nutrients

Distinctive features

In the conditions of the Central regions of Russia, coccomycosis is a real scourge, which significantly reduces the yield of cherries. The Zhukovskaya variety is practically not exposed to the fungus, for which it is appreciated by gardeners. In addition, this variety has an excellent taste.

Table: advantages and disadvantages of the variety

Advantages	disadvantages
The fruits have a universal purpose and are of high quality.	Flower buds can freeze
High yield	Self-infertility
Increased immunity to common diseases - ring spot and coccomycosis	Relatively large bone
The berries withstand mechanical harvesting, which makes the variety suitable for industrial cultivation
Undemanding to growing conditions

Cherry Zhukovskaya is famous for high and stable yields

Landing features

It is possible to grow a real cherry orchard only if all planting conditions are met.

Boarding time

Of course, the climatic conditions of the regions dictate their own rules in choosing the time for planting Zhukovskaya cherries. For the Central region of Russia, spring and autumn plantings are quite acceptable, but with one caveat - each season has its own characteristics.

Autumn planting should be done before the first half of October. It is important for a seedling to have time to adapt to a new place before frosts come. A tree planted in time will successfully root, overwinter and acquire resistance to adverse weather phenomena.

You need to start spring planting 2 weeks after the snow melts so that the earth has time to completely warm up. In time, it falls on the beginning or middle of April. It is important to complete the process on time, before the start of sap flow. Otherwise, the cherry will grow weak and you can forget about good harvests.

In the southern regions, autumn planting is preferable. The weather conditions here are milder and the earth is saturated with moisture, which speeds up the adaptation process of the seedling. It is important to complete the planting no later than mid-November.

In the Central region of Russia, Zhukovskaya cherry can be planted both in spring and autumn.

Site selection and preparation

Cherry loves sunny areas very much, so the place should be as open as possible, but protected from the strong prevailing wind in winter. This is especially true for young seedlings, which can easily break under the pressure of the wind.

Cherries love to grow in sunny places

Find a suitable planting spot using the following tips.

• It is definitely necessary to abandon lowland and wetlands. Where water and masses of cold air constantly accumulate, you can not wait for ripe fruits. The groundwater level should be below 1.5 m from the soil surface.
• Nearby fruit trees can inhibit the development of young cherries and reduce yields. Therefore, choose places where the nearest neighbor is at least 4 m.
• The best option for Zhukovskaya cherry would be a site with loose sandy loam soils with neutral acidity. Cherry grows well on loams.
• If your area has heavy clay soils, don't worry. The situation can be easily corrected by adding sand and peat in equal proportions to the base soil. Lime will help to lower the acidity of the soil, which must be applied carefully. On 1 m ^2, from 50 to 150 g of finished fluff is introduced, after which the earth is dug up.

The distance between trees should be 4 meters

Prepare the soil carefully. The place is cleared of weeds, roots and other vegetation. In poor soils, humus or manure is introduced for digging. It is especially useful to add manure in the fall. During the winter, he will repack and saturate the earth with the necessary microelements.

Site preparation before planting is an important step

In addition to organics, it is good to add potassium compounds and superphosphate. It is also recommended to introduce them in the fall, since these substances disintegrate very slowly. In early spring, when the snow begins to melt, the fertilizer will finally dissolve in the moist soil.

Sapling selection

Due to the similarity of Zhukovskaya cherry with sweet cherry, it is most reliable to purchase planting material in specialized centers, and not in spontaneous markets. Examine the seedling carefully, paying attention to the following points:

• Age - 1 to 2 years old. The root system of such seedlings has the highest survival rates.
• Height - from 1 to 1.5 m. The presence of branches - at least 3. The length of the branch should be from 10 to 20 cm. You can slightly scratch the bark with the edge of the coin to make sure that the branch is alive. This will be evidenced by the green color of the wood.
• The trunk is without distortion, mechanical damage, growths. The bark is elastic.
• The roots must be well developed and moist, free from rot and damage. The spine should be white.

Choosing a cherry seedling is a responsible business

Planting pit preparation

This process is carried out in advance. Best in just six months.

1. The planting pit must correspond to the following dimensions: depth - at least 50 cm, width - from 70 cm. The root system must be freely placed in the pit.
2. Drive a stake into the middle of the pit, which will serve as a support for the seedling.
3. A bucket of humus is added to the deposited topsoil, ash - 2 glasses, potassium sulfate and superphosphate - 250 g each (if they were not added at the preparatory stage).
4. A well-mixed soil mixture is filled with a pit and watered.

During the time before planting, the earth will be compacted, acquire the necessary structure and be saturated with useful substances. If you do not have time to prepare the pit within the specified time frame, then you need to do this at least 3 weeks before planting.

The planting hole is prepared in advance so that the soil has time to acquire the necessary structure

Step by step process

1. First, we prepare the root system of the seedling - we lower it into water or into a prepared clay chatterbox.

2. Around the hammered stake, collect the soil mixture with a mound.

   

   The prepared soil is collected in a mound in the center of the pit

3. We install the seedling in such a way that the support serves as protection from bright rays from the south side. We straighten the roots along the sides of the embankment, making sure that there are no creases.

   

   The roots must be gently spread

4. We fill up with the remaining soil and pour it with water, half a bucket is enough. Moisture, seeping between the roots, will allow the earth to fill in all the voids and settle.

   

   Water will help the soil to be distributed between the roots

5. After that, we add the rest of the soil mixture, making sure that the root collar does not go deep (it should be 5 cm above the planting level). We form a watering hole around the trunk and pour 2 buckets of lukewarm water into it.
6. After the water has been absorbed, cover the hole with a layer of mulch (peat, dry grass).

Video: planting cherries

In order for the seedling to take root better, it is recommended to remove up to 80% of the flowers in the first spring. In subsequent years, carry out rationing of the harvest - pick off a certain amount of fruits at the "greenhouse" stage, when the berry has just begun to form. This will help the remaining fruits gain more sweetness and bulk. It will also have a beneficial effect on the upcoming wintering.

Are pollinators needed

Cherry Zhukovskaya belongs to self-infertile varieties. For stable yields, she needs pollinators. The following varieties cope best with this role: Molodezhnaya, Lyubskaya, Vladimirskaya and Apukhtinskaya.

Having a couple of suitable varieties next to Zhukovskaya - you don't have to worry about problems with the harvest.

Photo gallery: the best pollinators of Zhukovskaya cherry

Cherry Youth

Cherry Lyubskaya

Cherry Vladimirskaya

Cherry Apukhtinskaya

Plant care

Cherry care is not difficult. But in order for young trees to grow stronger and form, they need to be paid attention.

Crown shaping and pruning

An important stage in the cultivation of healthy and abundantly fruiting cherries is the formation of the crown, usually for all tree varieties it is formed in a sparse-tiered type. This process includes the following steps.

1. Cut the seedling that does not have branches above the bud at a height of about 60 cm. Shoots will actively begin to develop from the remaining buds.
2. On a seedling with lateral ramifications, select 3 shoots to form a skeletal layer. Branches should be placed around the circumference of the trunk and depart from it at an angle of 45 ⁰. We shorten the conductor by 15 - 20 cm, and the selected branches by only ¼. Cut the rest of the shoots into a ring. To form a trunk, we cut off all the branches growing below the level of 45 - 50 cm.
3. The standard shoots growing over the summer only need to be pinched, so you will contribute to the thickening of the trunk.
4. The next tier is laid at a distance of 60 cm from the first.
5. Each tier should have 2 to 3 branches. In total, after correct formation, the tree should have from 5 to 8 strong branches.

Cherry tree pruning scheme

In mature trees, thinning pruning is carried out, in which all competing and improperly growing branches are removed. Thus, the light and air conditions are improved, which contributes to an increase in yield. Sanitary pruning is done in the fall, unlike the rest. Its purpose is to remove diseased and damaged branches.

Video: pruning cherries

Watering

The mature Zhukovskaya cherry tree is rather drought-resistant. But there are periods when it needs mandatory watering.

For a fruiting tree, there are 4 important steps that cannot be missed:

• a week before flowering;
• after flowering;
• the beginning of ripening of berries;
• after harvest.

A special watering regime is needed for young seedlings. It provides for 3-4 waterings per month, with 2 buckets of water each. But do not overdo it, cherries do not like waterlogged soil, and if it is rainy weather, the frequency of watering is reduced.

Watering is carried out in circular grooves, which are dug at a distance of 40 - 50 cm from the tree. From 2 to 4 buckets of water are poured into them, depending on the size.

Pouring cherries into ring grooves

In addition, there is autumn water-charging irrigation, very abundant, which should nourish the roots well before the coming winter. But it is held only in dry and warm autumn.

Fertilizers

If during planting all the required nutrients were introduced, then the next 2 years can not be fertilized. In the future, Zhukovskaya cherries need to be fed 3 times from spring to autumn.

Fertilization table

Month	At what stage to feed	The rate of nutrients and the method of their introduction
Early may	Before flowering	Urea and potassium sulfate - 2 tbsp each l. each fertilizer per 10 liters of water. Up to 30 liters of solution is poured under the fruiting tree, it is necessary to add it only after watering to the moistened soil.
The beginning of June	Fruit formation stage	3 tbsp. l. nitrophosphate for 10 liters of water. 25 liters of solution are added under one tree. The soil must be pre-moistened.
August	After harvest	Potassium sulfate and superphosphate 2 tbsp each l. to 10 liters of water. For lovers of organic farming, you can offer up to 1.5 kg of ash under one tree. The norm for one tree is 35 liters. Introduce into damp ground.

Fertilization on fertile land is done less frequently than on poor

Small additions to help with care

• Autumn dressing should not contain nitrogen.
• Annual fertilization should be carried out only on poor sandy soils. Rich lands do not need frequent feeding.
• Every 5 years the acidity level under the cherries should be reduced. To do this, you need to apply lime fertilizers, maintaining the dose indicated in the instructions. This measure will prevent the ovary and flowers from falling off.

Barrel circle care

Cherries are prone to root growth. This should not be allowed, as well as the growth of weeds. Light weeding and removal of overgrowth will help to avoid excess moisture loss and the invasion of harmful insects. Circles mulching also retains moisture and reduces weeds.

The trunk circle must be kept in order

Shelter for the winter

Cherry Zhukovskaya belongs to varieties with an average level of frost resistance. Therefore, at the end of the autumn feeding and watering, the next stage is preparation for winter. For an adult tree, it will be enough to cover the near-trunk circle with a thick layer of manure or humus. In combination with a snow cover, it is a reliable protection against frost.

The seedling needs more attention. Young wood can get frost wounds, the root can suffer from a frosty, but snowless winter. Therefore, prepare a material that allows air to pass through well, and wrap it around the trunks and skeletal branches of trees. The root zone is insulated with mulch.

To protect the cherry from frost, its trunk and branches are wrapped with covering material

Diseases and pests characteristic of Zhukovskaya cherry

Cherry Zhukovskaya has one indisputable advantage over other varieties - it is resistant to diseases common among stone fruits, namely coccomycosis and ring spot. But at the same time, it is affected by other diseases that are no less dangerous for the tree.

Table: diseases, we learn to identify and treat

Disease	Symptoms	Control measures	Prevention
Monilial burn	Damp and humid weather contributes to the development of insidious disease. It is manifested by sudden drying of shoots and buds. The bark cracks and begins to release resin. The berries become small and misshapen. The disease is fungal, so wind can easily spread the infection through the garden.	Treatment is carried out using Horus. The first processing is carried out before flowering, the next - after 10 days. The solution is prepared from 3 g of the drug and 10 l of water. Consumption rate - 10 liters per 100 m 2. Before starting treatment, you need remove all diseased branches and wounds, cover with garden pitch.	Conduct regular sanitation and thinning pruning. Follow the established agrotechnical techniques. Before flowering it is useful to treat cherries with a solution of copper sulfate.
Scab	Dark brown spots appear on the leaves, the fruits are cracked, deformed, and become unusable and unusable.	Use Nitrofen. The working solution consists of 200 g of the preparation and 10 l of water. Processing is carried out in early spring.	Clean up and burn the fallen foliage and berries. Carry out timely crown pruning Dig under the crown wood. Sprinkle healthy trees and near-trunk areas with a solution of Bordeaux liquid or copper oxychloride.
Clasterosporium disease	Fungal disease affects leaves, shoots and flowers. It manifests itself in small specks of a dark brown color, which grow. The affected tissue dries up and crumbles, leaving holes. The leaves dry up and fall off. The fruits do not ripen.	Before the appearance of young foliage and after leaf fall, spray with a 5% solution of copper sulfate.	Cut out the sick in a timely manner branches collecting fallen leaves. Burn immediately. After trimming, cover the sections garden pitch.
Gommoz	Frost wounds, mechanical damage, over-pruning lead to the formation of tarry cherries. In the hardened formations, pathogens settle . If the tree is left untreated, it can dry out the branches.	The hardened build-up is removed with a sharp knife. You will have to cut it to healthy tissue. The wound is treated 1% solution of copper sulfate and close up with garden var.	When working in the garden, try do not damage the cherry bark. Young plants wrap up for the winter. Whitewash to avoid sunburn and frostbite. Don't fertilize in the fall nitrogen-containing dressings.

Photo gallery: what the symptoms of the disease look like

Shoots affected by moniliosis suddenly wither

Scab affects not only leaves but also berries.

It is not for nothing that clasterosporiosis is called perforated spot.

Hommosis is a dangerous disease if left untreated

Table: pests characteristic of Zhukovskaya cherry

Pest	Symptoms	Control measures	Prevention
Cherry weevil	The pest begins to eat the kidneys during their swelling. In the formed ovary, the females lay eggs from which the larvae develop, destroying the fetus.	Spray with Karbofos. A solution is prepared from 70 g of the substance and 10 l of water. The treatment is carried out in the "green cone" phase and after 7 - 10 days.	In the fall, clean the trunk and branches of old, peeled bark. Burn the fallen leaves. Whitewash the trunks. The root space is dug up. The emerging beetles are shaken off onto a light cloth, the damaged flowers are cut off.
Cherry shoot moth	The pest caterpillar damages fruit buds, flowers and leaves. In places of damage, a light cobweb remains.	Before bud break, treat the cherries with DNOC, which will destroy the eggs. At the time of swelling of the kidneys, spray with Zolon, Karbofos or Metaphos. These drugs fight the caterpillar.	Loosen or dig under the crown after flowering. At this moment, the moth pupates and thus you get rid of the pest.
Cherry aphid	Having settled on the back of the leaf, aphids actively suck out the plant juices. The leaves begin to dry out, the tree weakens.	If insects are found, spray with Fufanon or Aktara. The drug is diluted at the rate of 10 g per 10 l of water.	Avoid nesting under the tree. A small amount of aphids can be easily washed off with a strong pressure of water. You can use a tobacco-soap solution for spraying.

Photo gallery: learning to recognize a pest

Cherry weevil damages buds

Cherry shoot moth can give birth to two generations of caterpillars per season

Cherry aphids can weaken a tree

Harvesting

Fruiting of Zhukovskaya cherry varieties occurs at 4 years. A tree at the age of 10 years yields 10 to 12 kg of yield. And with an adult 20 year old cherry, you can pick 30 kg of berries. The best fruiting occurs at the age of 15 - 16 years.

The fruits ripen by the 20th of July. But cold and rainy summers can slightly shift the maturation period. The berries ripen almost simultaneously. But they do not crumble from the tree, which greatly facilitates harvesting. The separation of the fruit from the stalk is dry, this is also a plus.

Harvesting takes place in dry weather. The berries are torn off together with the handle. The fruits must be sorted immediately - whole, dense berries can be set aside for storage, and crumpled ones can be sent for processing. For storage, cherries are laid out in flat containers or boxes, with a layer of up to 5 cm. At a humidity of at least 85% and a temperature of 8 - 10 ⁰ С, cherries can be stored for 2 weeks. Cherries are most beneficial in their natural form.

Cherries are most beneficial in their natural form.

Some connoisseurs argue that if the bottom of a sterilized and wiped dry jar is laid out with cherry leaves, and then each layer of berries is shifted with leaves, then the cherries will be stored much longer.

The longest storage is possible if the fruit is frozen. Selected berries are washed, dried on a flat surface and placed in cellophane bags. One package should contain a volume that is intended for single use.

Preparations from Zhukovskaya cherries are very tasty. Marmalade, jam, jam, compote - in this form, cherries do not lose their beneficial properties throughout the year. Also, cherry fruits can be dried. To do this, the berries are washed, dried and sent to the oven, preheated to 50 ^° C. The dried fruits are poured into a clean container and left at room temperature for several days. Then they are packaged in containers with tight-fitting lids. Dried berries are also stored in a cool place in linen bags.

Cherries can be not only canned, but also dried

Reviews about cherry Zhukovskaya

Cherry Zhukovskaya is appreciated by gardeners for the ease of care, beauty and great taste of berries, the ability to prepare wonderful blanks from the fruits. Cherries are a wonderful food product that helps the body to cope with many diseases and boost immunity. Zhukovskaya is also an unusually generous tree that delights with abundant harvests and does not require special attention.