Do-it-yourself Stove Heating With A Water Circuit: Diagram, Masonry, Step-by-step Instructions, Etc

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 12:53

Do-it-yourself stove heating with a water circuit

One of the most important factors in a warm and comfortable home is warmth. Today, there are various ways to heat a house, and newer ways and opportunities appear every year. But old and proven methods still have a place in modern homes. Stove heating equipped with a water circuit is one such method. Consider how to create such a heating oven with your own hands.

Content

• 1 Pros and cons of the oven
• 2 How the oven works

• 3 Do-it-yourself stove heating with a water circuit - stage-by-stage construction

  3.1 The main features of brickwork

• 4 We mount and install equipment

  • 4.1 Basic installation requirements
  • 4.2 Pipe coils
  • 4.3 Sheet steel exchanger
  • 4.4 Installation process
  • 4.5 Video: brick stove with a water jacket

Pros and cons of the oven

An ordinary stove distributes heat unevenly: it is very hot directly near the stove, and the further it gets, the colder it gets. The presence of a water circuit allows the heat generated by the stove to be evenly distributed throughout the house

Construction of a heating furnace with a water circuit

Thus, only one stove is capable of heating several rooms in the house at the same time. The stove works in much the same way as a solid fuel boiler. Only it does not just heats up the coolant and the water circuit. In addition, the walls and smoke channels are heated, which also play an important role in the heating process.

The heat exchanger (coil) is the main element of the stove. It is installed in the fuel part of the stove, and there the entire water heating system is connected to it

The advantages of a furnace with a water circuit include the following features:

• First of all, for such a furnace, you do not need to purchase expensive units and components.
• A properly built stove will serve you for a long time without requiring expensive repairs. Sometimes, you may only need a little cosmetic.
• The stove can be created in any design: shape, size, decoration - all this to your taste and financial capabilities.
• If we compare a stove equipped with a water circuit and a solid fuel boiler, then with the help of the first, not only the coolant is heated, but also the smoke outlets.

• A coil can be equipped with an already built stove. It can also be inserted into the cooking stove.

  

  A stove option that fits perfectly into the interior of the room

There are also disadvantages to this type of heating

• When the heat exchanger is inserted into the fuel end, the precious space of the latter is greatly reduced. The problem can be solved if the heat exchanger is built into the furnace during the construction phase. It's just that this part needs to be increased. Well, if it is inserted into an already built structure, then there is no other way out, except for incomplete filling of fuel, but in parts.
• With such a stove, the fire hazard increases. An open fire burns in the stove and fireplace, plus extra firewood is often kept nearby. Do not leave this unit unattended.

• If the stove is used incorrectly, then the ingress of carbon monoxide into the premises of the house can lead to very sad consequences.

  

  An image from which it becomes clear that it is better not to leave the unit unattended

How does the stove work

It works according to a fairly simple principle

Heat exchanger option

Water enters the heat exchanger, which is located in the fuel part of the stove. There it heats up from the combustion of wood or other fuel. Then, the already heated water enters the radiator batteries, where the heat from it is distributed throughout the room. When the water cools down, it returns to the coil, where it heats up again, etc.

Do-it-yourself stove heating with a water circuit - stage-by-stage construction

First, before you start building the stove, you need to prepare the foundation. To do this, you need to dig a pit, the depth of which is 150-200 millimeters. Pour broken brick, gravel and quarry into layers at the bottom. Then fill everything with cement mortar. The foundation should rise several centimeters above the floor. Lay the waterproofing material on the screed.

Water loop furnace construction process

The main features of brickwork

The stove must be built from quality materials. Walls can be erected from bricks with normal firing, but for the furnace part, purchase refractory bricks.

• Before starting laying, the bricks must be moistened. To do this, immerse them in water for a while. When air bubbles cease to come out from them, you can start laying.
• All rows and corners must be snapped.
• Apply the cement mortar immediately to all glad. Its layer should be about 5 millimeters. Refresh the mortar at the end just before laying bricks on it.
• When you get to the furnace part, do not apply the clay with a trowel. Do it with your hands.
• Every five rows, carefully scrape off any excess cement from the joints and wipe them down with a damp sponge.
• The walls of the stove must be vertical and horizontal. Use the building level constantly during masonry to check this.

We mount and install equipment

Is it possible to build such a heating system yourself? If you have experience in building stoves and brickwork, then you can. Initially, prepare the most important part of the stove - the coil, which can be bought ready-made or welded using pipes or sheet metal. If you build the stove yourself, then by connecting your imagination, you can build a structure that will be individual for your home and layout.

There are two options for creating this heating system:

• The coil is installed in the stove during the construction phase of the latter.
• The heat exchanger is built into the already erected furnace structure.

Using a radiator as a heat exchanger

The last method is more time consuming, because it involves the analysis of the brickwork of the stove. In addition, the fuel section will be reduced when the coil is installed.

The heating system is connected to the coil through sockets. They are inserted into one of the walls of the stove. The water circuit in such heating has a two-pipe system. The wiring can go up or down.

Complete the heating circuit. The upper point of the line must be equipped with a storage tank, the installation of safety and air valves, as well as a safety unit with a pressure gauge, is mandatory. Where radiators enter and exit the oven, connect the valves.

Basic installation requirements

1. So that the water in the coil does not boil, its thickness in it must be at least 40 millimeters.
2. The walls of the heat exchanger must be at least 5 mm. If the stove is fired with coal, then this indicator increases. Otherwise, the walls of the coil may burn out.
3. The exchanger should not fit snugly against the wall of the fuel part of the stove. There should be a space of at least 2 centimeters between them. This is necessary due to the thermal expansion of the heat exchanger.
4. Pay great attention to the fire safety of the system. If there are wooden partitions in the stove, then there must be an air space between them, because if the wooden structures overheat, then a fire can occur. That is why wood is not the best facing material for a stove. For this, it is better to choose materials with refractory qualities.

Pipe coils

Coil version for heating and cooking ovens

The photo above shows a diagram of one of the coil options. Stoves designed for both heating and cooking are equipped with this, because it is easy to build a cooking surface above it.

The profile pipe used instead of the upper and lower U-shaped pipes in such a coil will greatly simplify the process of its creation. Rectangular profiles can be replaced with vertical pipes, if necessary.

If the stove where the coil will be installed is not equipped with a hob, then in order to increase the efficiency of the heat exchanger, add a certain number of horizontal pipes to it. Liquid handling and withdrawal can be done from different sides. It all depends on what kind of design the stove has and on the coil device.

Heat exchanger option

Sheet steel exchanger

To make a steel heat exchanger, the steel must be at least 5 millimeters thick. The use of a 6x4 cm profile and 5 cm nozzles is necessary for the inlet and outlet of the liquid. Depending on how long the fuel part of your stove is, the size of the heat exchanger is selected.

If you are going to insert a steel heat exchanger into a stove that is equipped with a hob, then experts advise to make the structure so that the gas flows around the upper shelf of the coil. Then this gas went out into the chimney, which is located in front of the coil.

Sheet steel heat exchanger

Using sheet steel, you can build a book-shaped exchanger

For this, the walls of the heat exchanger are connected using pipes or a profile. Here in the register there is no upper shelf. To improve circulation, connecting pipes are added at the top of the register. The inlet and outlet are made at the back or side of the heat exchanger. The hob is installed above the register.

Installation process

Installation of the water circuit

The exchanger is installed in the same way as any other heating system. There is only one caveat - this is the location of the "return". It is higher.

There are three types of coolant circulation: natural, forced and combined

In the first case, the pipes are mounted with the maximum possible slope

Natural circulation

Where the pipes come out of the stove, an acceleration manifold is installed. To do this, direct the pipe vertically at a height of 100-150 centimeters, and then down towards the radiators at an angle.

In the second version, the power efficiency is increased by 30 percent by adding a circulation pump

Forced circulation

It forms the pressure of the coil. True, experts do not advise using only this type of circulation. If power outages occur or the pump breaks down, the water will stop circulating and the coolant may boil.

The latter type combines the first two, that is, it is equipped with both sloped pipes and a pump, where the latter is connected to the system via a parallel line. This is beneficial because the circulation will be carried out using a pump, and if electricity is lost or the pump breaks down, then the water begins to circulate naturally.

Video: brick stove with a water jacket

Heating rooms with a water-jacketed stove is a practical and cheap method. True, construction work for a beginner will not seem easy. If you are not confident in your abilities, trust the specialists. A stove is a fire hazardous method of heating a home.