Gasoline Generator: Which Is Better To Choose, How To Connect To The Network And Use, Malfunctions (does Not Start, Works In Jerks, Oil Change)

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 12:53

Operation and repair of a gasoline generator

We use a variety of electrical appliances. In cities, electricity is rarely turned off in large areas, since in the event of a power outage, one area works at the expense of another until the completion of repair work. And if this happened, then the breakdowns are quickly eliminated. In the villages and in the summer cottages, everything is different. Repair work is carried out often and not quickly enough, and at many facilities remote from the network there is no electricity at all. These problems can be solved by purchasing a compact gasoline power plant.

Content

• 1 Types and types of generators

• 2 How to choose a gasoline generator

  • 2.1 Reviews about different models of gas generators

    • 2.1.1 Single-phase asynchronous generator "ZUBR 3ESB-1200"
    • 2.1.2 Three-phase asynchronous generator Geko 6400 ED-A / HHBA
    • 2.1.3 Single-phase synchronous generator "Interskol EB-5500"
    • 2.1.4 Three-phase synchronous generator DDE DPG10553E
    • 2.1.5 Inverter single-phase generator FUBAG TI 700 with a power of 0.77 W
    • 2.1.6 Single-phase generator Hyundai HY12000LE with a power of 11 kW and a weight of 170 kg
    • 2.1.7 Three-phase generator "Vepr ABP 12-T400 / 230 VH-BSG9" weighing 115 kg

• 3 How to use a gas generator

  3.1 Video: connecting a gasoline generator to the network

• 4 DIY repair

  • 4.1 Launch problems

  • 4.2 Diagnostics of the synchronous generator

    4.2.1 Video: Generator Diagnostics

  • 4.3 Checking and replacing the automatic voltage regulator unit

    4.3.1 Video: repair of the speed controller in the generator

  • 4.4 Engine stalls
  • 4.5 The generator does not develop power
  • 4.6 Smoke coming from the engine

Types and types of generators

A generator is an apparatus designed to generate electrical energy. Generators differ in the type of fuel consumed and the engine and are of three types.

1. Gasoline. They are used in construction, for working with power tools when traveling to remote sites, in the residential private sector.

   

   If there is no electricity in the country or it is often cut off, a gasoline generator will help

2. Diesel. They are used as a temporary or main power source for large objects.
3. Gas. They are installed in enterprises, recreation centers, in shops.

In turn, gasoline generators are divided into three categories depending on the power output.

1. Inverter portable generators up to 1 kW.
2. Inverter gasoline generators up to 6 kW.
3. Gasoline generators over 6 kW.

By the way the load is connected, they are divided into:

• single phase. Have an output voltage of 220 V;

• three-phase. The output voltage is 220 and 380 V. Ordinary current consumers for one phase can also be connected to them. Three-phase generators with a voltage of 220 V can only be used for lighting.

  

  Three-phase generators can be large in size and provide electricity to many consumers

According to their internal structure and design, the generators are divided into three subspecies.

1. Asynchronous. The armature has no windings, which ensures simplicity of design and reliability. Such devices do not tolerate starting loads poorly, therefore they are mainly used to work with active loads.
2. Synchronous. They have an armature with windings, so their design is more complex and prone to breakage. The main malfunctions of synchronous generators are associated with a short circuit of the windings, wear of the brushes and the collector. But due to the good tolerance of starting loads, these devices are used to work with reactive loads.

3. Inverter. They are equipped with electronics, therefore they are lightweight, small in size, do not make much noise during operation. But they are less reliable due to the presence of a large number of electronic components, they give out little power and cannot withstand high inrush currents.

   

   Inverter generators are more compact, but more often break down and cannot tolerate high starting currents

There are two types of engines used in gasoline generators.

1. Two-stroke. The fuel is used in the form of a mixture of gasoline and oil. These generators have little power, but are cheap, lightweight and small.
2. Four-stroke. They are used in higher power generators.

How to choose a gasoline generator

A huge assortment of gas generators requires a clear understanding of the main criteria by which to choose them. It will be easier to purchase the most suitable model if you filter out excess functionality according to the following parameters.

1. Power. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account how much all the devices that you want to connect to the generator will consume. It should be borne in mind that some devices, for example, a refrigerator, concrete mixer, pump, power tool, consume several times more electricity at the start. It is necessary to lay this margin so that the generator at its peak does not work at 100% of its power, but at about 80%. This will provide both a long generator life and little fuel savings. You can choose from the following categories:

   • small models from 600 W to 1.5 kW. They are compact, it is convenient to carry them to nature, a summer residence, fishing. They do not take up much space and are inexpensive;
   • the most common type with a power of about 2.5 kW. These are versatile models and are relatively inexpensive. They can be used for shop, office, home. Power of 2 kW is enough to connect all the main devices;
   • power plants with a capacity of 5 kW. This is enough to meet the needs of a large home, company or construction needs.
2. Principle of operation. Inverter generators are quiet and economical. They are suitable for an apartment or a small plot. For large objects, it is better to use regular models.

3. Engine's type. Two-stroke models are low-power, but easily start up in cold weather. Four-strokes can be operated around the clock, but it is difficult to start in cold weather.

   

   In severe frost, a four-stroke generator is more difficult to start

4. Generator type. Asynchronous can only work with devices that have constant current characteristics at startup. Synchronous works with pumps, welding, compressor.
5. Phase. Single-phase generators power electric kettles, microwave ovens, televisions, light bulbs. The three-phase generator works with electric stoves, pumps, welding. Each phase accounts for one third of the generator's power, so they cannot be loaded with more power. For normal operation, the difference in powers connected to each phase should be no more than 25%. The generator will not be able to simultaneously power a 100 W bulb on one phase, and a 1.5 kW stove on the other. In such cases, a voltage imbalance occurs in the direction of one of the phases, which can lead to equipment failure and an increase in energy costs.
6. Gas tank capacity. The presence of 20 liters of fuel in the tank enables the generator to operate for 15 hours or more.

7. Electric starter. Many generators have a manual start. Devices with a starter are more expensive, and their repair is a little more difficult due to the presence of an additional unit.

   

   Manual-start generators are more reliable and cheaper, but harder to start

8. Generator autostart system. Allows you to start the device automatically when the light goes out.

9. Additional functions. They simplify generator operation:

   • a digital voltmeter shows the operating voltage in the network and the number of operating hours;
   • the presence of two wheels allows the generator to be transported like a cart;
   • the casing is put on the unit if it is outside. Protects from rain, wind, snow;
   • the presence of a 12 V output. This can be useful for charging car batteries;

   • number of sockets. With a large number of consumers, you need to calculate their connection so that there are enough sockets for everyone.

     

     A cover protects the outside generator from rain, snow and dirt

10. Cooling. It can be air and water. Air cooling imposes certain demands on air circulation. Usually they are described in the instructions, read carefully during installation.

Reviews of different models of gas generators

Here we provide reviews of the most popular gas generators that consumers have used in different conditions and for different tasks.

Single-phase asynchronous generator "ZUBR 3ESB-1200"

This model is designed to connect a single-phase load up to 1.2 kW and allows you to recharge your car battery.

The ZUBR 3ESB-1200 generator allows charging a car battery

Three-phase asynchronous generator Geko 6400 ED-A / HHBA

The Geko 6400 ED-A / HHBA asynchronous gasoline power plant provides an output power of up to 6 kW.

The Geko 6400 ED-A / HHBA generator can be used on rather large objects, for example, in the construction of a country house

Single-phase synchronous generator "Interskol EB-5500"

The synchronous generator "Interskol EB-5500" can provide electricity for a suburban area of medium size.

Generator "Interskol EB-5500" operates with a single-phase load up to 5.5 W

Three-phase synchronous generator DDE DPG10553E

A powerful power plant of the American brand allows you to work with a total three-phase load of 8.5 kW.

The DDE DPG10553E generator allows you to connect all kinds of professional power tools

Inverter single-phase generator FUBAG TI 700 with a power of 0.77 W

A small silent generator for connecting the most essential electrical appliances.

The FUBAG TI 700 generator is quiet, lightweight, but supports less than 1 kW load

Single-phase generator Hyundai HY12000LE with a power of 11 kW and a weight of 170 kg

Professional model with a four-stroke engine providing power output up to 10 kW.

The Hyundai HY12000LE generator weighs 170 kg, so it is more convenient to move it on wheels

Three-phase generator "Vepr ABP 12-T400 / 230 VH-BSG9" weighing 115 kg

Large and powerful power plant for use in remote sites with high energy consumption. On a three-phase load, it provides a consumption of up to 11 kW.

Generator "Vepr ABP 12-T400 / 230 VH-BSG9" will be able to meet the needs for electricity for the construction of a large private house

How to use a gas generator

To connect the power plant to the network, you need to purchase a wire with plugs at both ends. Ask an electrician to make an outlet that is connected to the entire network. You will connect the generator to it. Further work must be performed in the following sequence

1. Place the power station on a flat and dry surface. Check grounding. If there is no exhaust outlet system, then the device can only be installed outdoors.

   

   The presence of an exhaust gas outlet system allows the generator to be used indoors

2. Fill the engine with sufficient oil. The level is checked with a dipstick.

   

   The generator oil level is checked in the same way as in a car

3. Fill the fuel tank.

4. To prevent the power plant from stalling at startup, disconnect all devices and circuit breakers from the network. First turn off the input machine, then all the others. In apartments, they are located on the site. Make sure the generator toggle switch is off.

   

   All circuit breakers must be turned off

5. Insert one plug of the wire into the outlet and the other into the generator. This must be done before turning on the power plant, as voltage will appear at the other end of the wire.

6. Turn the cock to the ON position. Wait 2 minutes. Turn on the toggle switch.

   

   The generator fuel valve in the open position supplies gasoline to the combustion chamber

7. Close the choke by pulling the choke lever towards you to feed the carburetor a rich mixture.
8. If the plant is done with an electric starter, check the battery connection and stability. Tighten the screws if necessary.

9. Start a power plant. When starting manually, pull the starter handle with a sharp movement.

   

   Manual start of the generator is carried out by a sharp jerk of the starter handle

10. When electrically starting, press the corresponding button.

    

    Electric start of the generator is much easier: just press the appropriate button

11. After a few minutes, return the choke to its original position.
12. Turn on the circuit breakers one at a time, gradually loading the power plant. Do not turn on the introductory machine.
13. Disconnect all consumers to stop the generator.
14. Turn off the toggle switch and turn the cock to the OFF position. Remove the plug from the power outlet.
15. Turn on the lead-in and all other machines.

Video: connecting a gasoline generator to the network

DIY repair

No repair is complete without familiarization with the device. Any gasoline generator consists of the following elements.

1. Gas tank.
2. Silencer behind the air filter.
3. Air filter.
4. Sockets.
5. Engine.
6. Oil sump.
7. Voltmeter.
8. Toggle switch.

9. Fuel cock.

   

   The main elements of all gasoline generators are located in the same places

Launch problems

Most often, the generator does not start due to relatively simple faults that can be eliminated without serious disassembly of the device.

1. The generator is tilted, there is little gasoline in the tank and the fuel simply does not enter the carburetor.
2. On some models of generators, the ON and OFF positions of the tap are reversed. You think you have opened the tap, but in fact you have closed it.
3. There are two bolts on the carburetor. If something is wrong with the carburetor, open the drain bolt and drain the gasoline. Perhaps a float is just flooded there. If that does not help, unscrew the lower bolt and remove the sump. The carburetor could be clogged from poor quality fuel. If the gasoline was in the tank for a long time, garbage could get there.
4. Check the oil level through the dipstick. If it is enough and the device does not start, the fuel level sensor or its board may have failed. To verify this, disconnect the wires between the sensor and the motor. If the generator starts, replace the sensor with the board. If not, then the problem is in other nodes. Connect the wires back.
5. Check for a spark. Attach the unscrewed candle to the metal of the apparatus. Pull the handle. The absence of a spark indicates a possible problem in the ignition coil.

6. Remove carbon deposits on the candle with a metal brush, sandpaper and a needle.

   

   Spark plug deposits should be removed with a wire brush.

7. Clean clogged air filter periodically.
8. If the air damper is broken, it will not close completely. A generator with such a damper starts, but is unstable. When the air filter is removed, the degree of its closure is visible.
9. If the generator works, but the speed is floating, then the problem is in the thrust spring. It is located under the engine. See if it is torn. Move to check for smooth ride.
10. If the automatic voltage regulator fails, the generator does not supply the required voltage. Unscrew the two screws and remove the cover. Replace the regulator with a similar one.

Synchronous generator diagnostics

The synchronous generator has a more complex design, so the following operations are required to diagnose it.

1. Remove the cover of the generator itself.

   

   Under the cover of the synchronous generator are the main elements that ensure the operability of the device.

2. Disconnect the connectors.
3. Unscrew the brushes and check their condition. If at least one of them is worn by 40%, change both.
4. Look at the wear of the shaft slip rings. Check them with a tester. To do this, put the device in the continuity mode and connect one probe to the ring, and the other to the rotor winding. Repeat with the other ring. The absence of a sound signal indicates damage to the winding.
5. Ring the contacts of the connectors by inserting the probes into them. If any contacts do not ring, disassemble the generator and check the windings.

An asynchronous generator will not have an automatic voltage regulator, brushes and rotor winding

Video: generator diagnostics

Checking and replacing the automatic voltage regulator unit

The automatic regulator unit ensures that the operating voltage is maintained when the load on the generator increases. This unit is checked and repaired in the following order.

1. Connect a drill or grinder to the generator. Increase RPM.
2. Observe the voltmeter needle. If it almost does not fluctuate with a change in load, then the AVR unit is working properly. If not, replace it.
3. Remove the two screws securing the AVR.
4. Disconnect the regulator block chip and remember where the positive wire was. It usually has a labeled clamp, but it may not.
5. Remove the terminals from the brushes and remove the regulator assembly.
6. Put the new one in place of the old one, while not screwing it on.
7. Connect the terminals to the brushes and put on the chip. Hold the regulator block and screw it on.

Video: repair of the speed controller in the generator

Engine stalls

If the generator engine stalls during operation, it is necessary to clean the fuel system, which consists of the following components.

1. Fuel cock.
2. Sump nut.
3. Grid.
4. Sealing ring.

5. Crane sump.

   

   After disassembling the fuel cock, it is necessary to clean the filter and all pipes

Clean the clogged hole in the fuel tank cap with a needle. Follow the steps below to clean the fuel system.

1. Close off the gasoline supply.
2. Disconnect the carburetor from the hose.
3. Unscrew the carburetor sump and drain off the remaining fuel. If they do not pour out well, the pipes are clogged and need to be cleaned.
4. The filter in the sump of the fuel cock must also be removed and cleaned.
5. Put everything back together.

Generator does not develop power

It is necessary to clean the air filter and replace the piston rings.

1. Open the filter cover and remove the foam filter element.

   

   The sponge air filter is located under the generator cover next to the starter box

2. Rinse it off without using solvents.
3. Dry. Do not twist the filter so as not to damage it.
4. Saturate the sponge with oil before installing. Squeeze out the excess.
5. Replace the filter.

If, in addition to the spongy filter, a paper-based filter is installed, then it can be cleaned by tapping, blowing or vacuuming.

Paper-based air filter can be blown out with compressed air

Smoke coming from the engine

If smoke is accompanied by blue exhaust fumes, check the oil level. Check and if necessary replace the piston with rings and the cylinder. If the exhaust fumes are black, adjust the fuel pump as the fuel supply may be high, or check the air filter.

Knowing the types and types of gasoline generators, you can choose the best option for your needs. Familiarity with the internal structure of the device will allow you to quickly eliminate simple breakdowns yourself.