Cherry Vladimirskaya: Description And Characteristics Of The Variety, Advantages And Disadvantages, Planting And Care Features

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 22:26

Cherry Vladimirskaya - an old variety with high quality fruits

There are over a thousand varieties of cherries. Vladimirskaya is one of the oldest and most widespread in gardens, especially in regions with a warm climate. The high quality of its fruits has been proven for centuries. Juicy sweet and sour berries are so tasty that they were even served on the table for the royal family.

Content

• 1 Variety history

• 2 Varietal characteristics of Vladimirskaya

  2.1 Video: description of Vladimirsky cherry varieties

• 3 Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

• 4 How to plant cherries correctly

  • 4.1 Availability of pollinators
  • 4.2 Site selection
  • 4.3 Boarding time
  • 4.4 Selection of seedlings
  • 4.5 Preparing pits for cherry seedlings
  • 4.6 The process of planting cherry seedlings
• 5 Best and Worst Neighbors for Vladimirskaya Cherries

• 6 Care Secrets

  • 6.1 Proper watering
  • 6.2 Care of the trunk circle

  • 6.3 How to feed a tree

    • 6.3.1 When landing
    • 6.3.2 During growth
    • 6.3.3 During fruiting
  • 6.4 Cropping
  • 6.5 Video: pruning cherries
  • 6.6 Preparing for winter

• 7 Diseases and pests

  • 7.1 Table: common cherry diseases

    7.1.1 Photo gallery: manifestations of cherry diseases on leaves and fruits

  • 7.2 Table: Cherry pests and control

    7.2.1 Photo Gallery: Cherry Pests

• 8 Harvesting
• 9 Reviews

Variety history

Cherries of this variety have a long history. According to legend, it was brought to the Vladimir province by itinerant monks in the XXII century. At first, the seedlings did not differ in winter hardiness, so the monks had to make great efforts to grow heat-loving trees. Acclimatized plants were planted in other areas as well. In the 19th century, Vladimir occupied the first place in terms of the number of cherry orchards - there were more than 400 of them. And today Vladimirskaya cherry is one of the symbols of this region, it is not without reason that a monument was even erected there in 2014. Over the years, the variety was multiplied and received a wide variety of forms: Vyaznikovskaya, Dobroselskaya, Izbyletskaya, Roditeleva. Since 1947, the variety has been zoned in the North-West, Central, Volgo-Vyatka, Central Black Earth and Middle Volga regions.

A monument to Vishna Vladimirskaya was erected in Vladimir

Varietal characteristics of Vladimirskaya

Cherry Vladimirskaya is a bushy variety, which is a large spreading bush 2.5–5 m high and 3 m wide. The bark of the trunk and large branches is brown-gray, with longitudinal cracks, flaky. Young shoots, especially annual ones, have a yellow-brown tint. It is on them that 80% of the crop is formed.

Cherry Vladimirskaya mainly bears fruit on annual shoots

A characteristic feature of the variety is a rather weak leafing of the crown and a special shape of the leaves, as if folded in the form of a boat. Leaves are dark green, ovoid or oval, medium in size with a matte surface, with jagged edges. The inflorescences consist of 5-7 medium-sized flowers.

Cherry begins fruiting in the 2-3rd year after planting. The variety is mid-season. In central Russia, fruit ripening begins in mid-July. Delays in harvesting can lead to shedding. Winter hardiness of trees is assessed as good, however, at low temperatures in winter, damage to the generative buds is possible, which leads to a decrease in yield. This property prevents the spread of this cherry in the northern regions of central Russia.

The yield of Vladimir cherry depends on the weather conditions and the growing area. In general, the productivity of the variety is moderate to good. In the conditions of Central Russia, the bush bears 25 kg of fruit, to the north - 5 kg per bush. Pollinators are needed for high yields.

Berries weighing 2.5–3.5 g have a slightly flattened shape with an inconspicuous seam and a small funnel. The skin is black and red with many gray dots. The pulp is dark red, dense, aromatic, very good sweet and sour taste. The juice is thick, dark cherry color. The stone is small, brown, easily separated from the pulp. The stalk is separated from the berries very easily, with a dry separation.

Cherry berries of the Vladimirskaya variety are sweet and sour, with a dense, fragrant pulp

The berries obtained in the northern regions, where there is a lack of heat and sun, in comparison with their southern counterparts, accumulate less sugar, contain more acids and moisture. The pulp contains:

• in northern cultivation conditions: dry matter - 16.4%, sugars - 10.9%, free acids - 1.7%, ascorbic acid - 26.6 mg / 100 g;
• under the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory: dry matter - 18.5%, sugars - 11.46%, free acids - 0.67%, ascorbic acid - 4.6 mg / 100 g.

Video: description of Vladimirsky cherry varieties

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The advantages of this cherry variety are time-tested:

• early maturity;
• good taste characteristics of berries;
• easy separation of the bone from the fetus;
• universal purpose.

Among the disadvantages are:

• reduced frost resistance of generative buds;
• susceptibility to fungal diseases - coccomycosis and moniliosis;
• dependence of yield on climatic conditions;
• self-infertility;
• shattering of ripe fruits in case of late harvest.

How to plant cherries correctly

For the successful growth and fruiting of Vladimir cherry, some conditions for planting and growing it must be observed.

Pollinators

A self-fertile variety of Vladimirskaya cherry will bear fruit well only if there are pollinating trees:

• Flasks of pink
• Fertile Michurina,
• Lyubskoy,
• Leadsman,
• Turgenevka,
• Rustuni.

Alyssum is a good plant next to cherries - a plant with a strong honey aroma that attracts bees

Seat selection

At Vladimirskaya, generative buds do not tolerate low temperatures, and gusts of cold wind in winter can only intensify their freezing. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a place for cherries, protected from the winds by a fence, outbuildings.

The plot should be well lit - the stronger the shading, the worse the fruiting. Saplings are best planted on a small hill on the south or west side. The cherries planted on the northern slope will not have enough light, the berries will ripen longer and have a lower sugar content.

The cherry area should be well lit

Vladimirskaya is demanding on the composition of the soil. The culture prefers to grow on moisture and air permeable soil, clay or sandy places are not suitable for it. Cherry does not tolerate stagnant water, fraught with waterlogging of the root system, therefore, for planting it, they choose elevated places with a groundwater level of at least 2 m.

A spacious plot for a cherry orchard is selected so that there is enough space for pollinators and the trees do not shade each other. Too close proximity will negatively affect the development of the cherry and its yield.

Boarding time

In Central Russia and the northern regions of the country, cherries are planted in spring, when the ground warms up, but the buds have not yet blossomed. The seedlings will have time to take root well and get stronger over the summer. When planting in autumn in difficult climatic conditions, the plants may not have time to take root until frost.

In the south, cherries are more often planted in the fall, since in spring it is often hot there, which adversely affects the trees. Warm, humid autumn weather contributes to better survival rate of seedlings, they quickly adapt to new conditions.

Selection of seedlings

Seedlings must be purchased from specialized shopping centers or nurseries. Each tree must have a certificate containing information about the variety and age. Here you can also get expert advice on the features of plants and the rules of care.

It is better to buy seedlings with a closed root system - in a container. They are already fully prepared for further growth immediately after planting. Such plants are more expensive, but will take root better. You can transplant them all season.

You should not buy seedlings at the age of 3 or more - they take a long and painful time. Preference should be given to a 1–2-year-old plant, which should have developed roots with light tips without damage, an even trunk without gum streaks and peeling of bark, flexible branches. On the stem 5–15 cm from the root collar, there should be a noticeable place of inoculation - a slight thickening.

For planting, it is better to purchase 1-2-year-old cherry seedlings with a closed root system

You should carefully examine the seedlings before purchasing. For this:

1. A seedling with a closed root system is spilled with water and allowed to stand for 5-10 minutes. The lump will be saturated with moisture and will not crumble when removed from the package.
2. Then the plants are removed from the container, while the earthen lump, entangled with fibrous roots, should not crumble.

Such a tree is planted together with an earthen clod.

It is worth purchasing only zoned varieties, since those brought from the south often freeze out

Saplings purchased in late autumn are added dropwise until spring. The procedure is as follows:

1. A groove is dug in the garden, one side of which is made at an angle.
2. Seedlings are placed on it, covered with 1/3 soil.
3. The soil is pressed tightly against the plants so that voids are not formed through which cold air can penetrate.
4. To protect plants from mice and hares, they are covered with spruce branches.

5. Saplings are dug out before planting, as soon as the snow melts.

   

   Cherry seedlings are laid in a groove at an angle and covered with 1/3 soil

Preparing pits for cherry seedlings

A place for seedlings is prepared in advance: in the fall for spring planting, in early summer or in spring - for autumn, at least 2 weeks before planting. The sequence of actions is as follows:

1. They dig planting holes 80 cm deep, 80 cm wide, leaving a distance of about 4 m between them.
2. Approximately 4 m from the planting holes, several more pits are prepared for seedlings of other varieties for pollination.
3. Superphosphate (100-120 g) or 3 buckets of compost and 1 liter of ash are added to the prepared wells, mixed with soil.

Planting holes for cherry seedlings are prepared in advance

The process of planting cherry seedlings

It is important to follow all the rules for planting cherries, then it will take root well and begin to bear fruit in due time. The landing procedure is as follows:

1. A peg 80 cm high is driven into the hole on the side so that it is from the north-west in relation to the seedling.

   

   A peg 80 cm high is driven into the hole from the north-west in relation to the seedling

2. A mound of 20-30 cm is made in the center.

3. A seedling is placed on this site, the roots are well straightened. Plants from the container are planted with the ground.

   

   A cherry seedling is lowered into a prepared hole, spreading the roots

4. They fall asleep with fertile soil, shaking the plant so that no voids remain, tamp it.

   

   A cherry seedling, set in a hole, is covered with fertile soil, which is well tamped

5. The root collar should be 5 cm above the soil level.

   

   The root collar of the cherry seedling should be 5 cm above the soil level

6. A small watering groove is formed around the trunk, into which 2 buckets of water are introduced and allowed to soak.

   

   After planting, the cherry seedling is well watered

7. The seedling is loosely tied to a support, which will contribute to the formation of an upright tree.

   

   A garter of cherry seedlings is needed so that the young tree does not break with the wind, it can be done in different ways, as in the photo

8. The soil is mulched with straw or sawdust 5 cm thick.

   

   Cherries need mulch to protect the roots from drying out in summer and from freezing in winter.

The best and worst neighbors for Vladimirskaya cherry

It is also important to choose the right neighbors for Vladimirskaya cherries. It grows well next to such crops:

• strawberries,
• raspberries,
• grapes,
• gladioli,
• roses.

But these plants are best planted elsewhere in the garden:

• apple trees,
• carrot,
• lilies,
• daffodils,
• irises.

Care secrets

Cherry variety Vladimirskaya is unpretentious, but the number of fruits will increase significantly with proper care:

• keeping the soil clean and mulching;
• watering as needed;
• timely pruning of root shoots;
• proper preparation for the winter cold.

Proper watering

Vladimir cherry is unpretentious, but regular watering will allow you to get higher yields. However, with an excess of moisture, the plant suffers from dampness, there is a danger of fungal diseases. Proper watering of cherries is done like this:

1. Pre-loosen the soil around the cherry, apply fertilizers.
2. For irrigation along the projection of the crown, circular grooves are dug with a depth of 30 cm.

3. Cherries are watered with different volumes of water depending on the season:

   • seedlings planted in spring are watered for the first time every 5–7 days (2 buckets);

     

     Cherry seedlings planted in spring are watered for the first time every 5-7 days, 2 buckets

   • in summer, the seedlings are moistened once a month (2 buckets per plant) in hot weather;
   • in autumn, 1-2 waterings are enough. In dry autumn, a week before frost, water-charging irrigation is carried out (7-8 buckets per tree).

Barrel circle care

The soil under the crown of the cherry tree should be weeded, loosened after watering and rains, and be sure to mulch. A layer of hay, sawdust prevents moisture from evaporating quickly and prevents weeds from growing. In autumn, the trunk circle is mulched with rotted manure, as a result of which the roots of cherries, especially young ones, will be reliably protected from freezing during frosts, and by the spring they will receive additional nutrition.

It is better to loosen the trunk circle with a flat cutter, since it does not penetrate deep into the ground and cannot damage the cherry roots

How to feed a tree

Cherries should not be overfed. This leads to too rapid growth of shoots, which do not have time to get stronger and freeze in cold weather. Top dressing is carried out in several stages.

When landing

When planting a cherry orchard, they bring into the hole:

• 10 kg of humus,
• 60 g superphosphate,
• 60 g of potassium chloride.

In the year of planting, the tree is not fed, it has enough nutrients introduced into the ground.

In the process of growth

For the next 4 years, the plant is gaining growth and needs nitrogen. Nitrogen fertilizing is used exclusively in spring and is carried out in this order:

1. At the beginning of April, ammonium nitrate (20 g), urea (30 g per 1 sq. M) is distributed along the trunk circle and lightly sprinkled with earth.

   

   Fertilization of the near-trunk circle of cherries with nitrogen fertilizers is carried out in the spring

2. At the same time, the crown is sprayed with a nutrient solution (20 g of urea / 10 l).

In October or April, manure is applied every 2 years (10 kg per tree) to a depth of 10 cm.

In the process of fruiting

With the onset of fruiting, organic matter and minerals are applied annually in the fall (doses are given per 1 sq. M):

• 10 kg of manure,

• 20 g of superphosphate or 200 g of ash.

  

  Ash is an excellent fertilizer for fruiting cherries, as it contains a lot of potassium, phosphorus and calcium

From the age of 6, the amount of feeding is increased by 30%. The use of green fertilizers also contributes to an increase in yield: green manure (lupine, peas) are sown around the tree in the second half of the season in order to mow the grass in autumn and embed it in the soil.

On nutritious soil, the yield of Vladimirskaya cherries increases

Pruning

Correct pruning contributes not only to the formation of a beautiful shape, but also to an increase in yield, an increase in the mass of fruits, and also relieves the tree from diseases. There are several types of cherry pruning, depending on the time of its carrying out:

• after planting, the seedling is shortened to 80 cm;

• spring pruning - carried out annually in spring before buds appear:

  • completely remove the branches that thicken the bush, growing inward;

  • long branches, which begin to bare over time, are shortened by half;

    

    Long cherry branches, which begin to bare over time, are shortened by half in spring

• autumn pruning:

  • remove dry and damaged branches;

  • the sections are disinfected with pitch to protect the wood from decay.

    

    Cut branches of cherries must be treated with garden pitch to prevent wood from rotting

The bushy variety of Vladimirskaya cherry is formed according to a tiered system:

• leave up to 10 skeletal shoots growing 10-15 cm apart;
• the crown is limited at a height of 2.5–3 m.

In addition, anti-aging pruning is performed on a tree older than 5-6 years:

• remove dried branches;
• leave 2-3 branched young shoots, from which new trunks will gradually develop.

Over time, a bush with uneven-aged branches is formed.

Video: pruning cherries

Preparing for winter

In severe frosts, the buds of Vladimirskaya cherries can freeze slightly, so the tree must be prepared for the cold: processing the bark and shelter will create additional protection. In autumn, the following activities are carried out:

• loosening of the periosteal circle;
• mulching with straw or sawdust with a layer of 5 cm;

• cleaning the bark from dry crusts and moss and the subsequent whitewashing of the trunk and skeletal branches (to protect the bark from sunburn); whitewash can be prepared by yourself by taking:

  • 500 g of copper sulfate,
  • 2 kg of chalk,

  • 100 g of glue.

    

    The trunk and skeletal branches of cherries are whitened in autumn to protect from pests and sunburn

Young plants may suffer during early autumn frosts. Dangerous for the tree and sharp temperature fluctuations, when frost is replaced by thaw - this often damages the flower buds. Therefore, in the early years, it is advisable to cover the trees with non-woven material that allows air and moisture to pass through. It will be useful to cover the trunk with spruce branches from the attack of rodents. Snow is scooped up to the near-trunk circle.

Diseases and pests

Cherry Vladimirskaya is especially susceptible to fungal diseases. The preventive measures taken largely reduce the risk of developing an infection.

Table: common cherry diseases

Diseases	Symptoms	Prevention	How to help
Clasterosporium disease	The leaves are covered with spots, then holes are formed in their place. The berries dry out	Do not place the cherry orchard next to diseased plants	Sick branches are cut; treated with a 1% solution of Bordeaux liquid (100 g / 1 l): when budding, after flowering, after another 2 weeks
Coccomycosis	The leaves are covered with small spots, turn yellow and fall off prematurely. At the beginning of infection, the disease destroys the berries, and later on, the tree itself.	For prevention, treat the plum with a solution of copper sulfate when the kidneys swell; during budding, spray with 1% Bordeaux mixture, Topaz	Sprinkle the tree with Hom. Re-processed the next year before flowering
Anthracnose	Dark bumps with a pink bloom appear on the fruits. Waterlogging contributes to the appearance of fungus	Proper watering is necessary; whitewash the trunks; feed with potassium sulfate before blooming (45 g / 10 l)	Treated with Polyram (20 g / 10 l) before, after flowering and after 2 weeks
Moniliosis	The spores of the fungus breed in rainy summers. The bark is covered with gray growths. The fruits rot. Severe damage to branches can kill the entire tree	Remove volunteers, carry out sanitary pruning	Spray the tree and soil until bud break with a 3% solution of ferrous sulfate; after flowering, treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid

Photo gallery: manifestations of cherry diseases on leaves and fruits

A sign of cherry clotterosporia is leaf perforation

Waterlogging contributes to the appearance of cherry anthracnose

Moniliosis is a fungal disease that leads to decay of cherry fruits

With coccomycosis, cherry leaves are covered with small spots

To prevent the appearance of pests, it is useful to spray trees with plant infusions:

• from spider mites, aphids use onion husks (20 g / 10 l);
• from caterpillars and moths - burdock (700 g / 10 l);
• from flower beetles - tansy (800 g / 10 l).

This treatment is carried out once a week, while the insects are flying.

The birds are very fond of feasting on cherries, which in a matter of hours can destroy the entire crop. Therefore, you need to stock up in advance with special nets that are thrown over the tree during the ripening of the fruit. Quite often they use noise, rustling, deterrent devices.

Table: cherry pests and control

Pests	Manifestations	Prevention	Measures
Cherry moth	It feeds on cherry buds, young foliage and flowers, lays eggs in fruits. Spoiled berries fall	Loosen the ground in early summer to destroy caterpillars	When the kidneys swell, spray with 0.1% Aktara
Aphid	Leaves, especially young ones, are twisted and covered with small insects	Remove basal vegetation	With a small number of parasites, they are collected by hand; cut off the tops of the branches covered with aphids; process the ends of the branches with soapy water (60 g per 10 l); sprayed with Actellik (20 ml per 20 l)
Slimy sawfly	Caterpillars damage the ovaries, fruits, the tree looks dried out	Shake off adult insects onto the film; spray in spring with chamomile infusion three times with an interval of 7 days: 800 g of dried flowers pour 10 liters of water; insist a day; add 30 g of laundry soap; dilute in 15 liters of water	Trees are treated with Novaktion, Fufanon before and after flowering
Cherry weevil	Beetles feed on cherry buds, young leaves and flowers, and lay eggs in berries. Spoiled berries fall	Shake off bugs during bud break and destroy; dig up the soil, collect damaged carrion; apply infusions of tobacco, aconite before and after flowering	Sprayed with Fufanon (10 g / 10 L), Kinmix (2.5 ml / 10 L) after flowering

Photo gallery: cherry pests

Cherry moth, affecting the buds and ovaries, leads to a decrease in cherry yield

Aphids suck juice from cherry leaves

Slimy sawfly damages ovaries and cherry fruits

Cherry weevil damages cherry fruits

Against parasites, you can also use their natural enemies - predatory insects:

• ladybugs,
• ground beetles,
• hover flies,
• lacewing,
• riders.

You can increase the number of beneficial insects on your site by planting:

• legumes,
• spicy crops,
• tansy,
• marigold,

• mint.

  

  Marigolds not only decorate the site, but also attract beneficial insects

There is also a need to reduce the use of plant chemicals. Cleans the garden of caterpillars, aphids and insectivorous birds:

• titmouses,
• flycatchers,
• wagtails.

To attract birds, they build feeders, part of the cherries, viburnum, rowan berries are left for feeding the birds.

Harvesting

The fruits of Vladimirskaya cherries are universal. You can use it in different forms:

• fresh - berries do not spoil in the refrigerator for about a week;
• frozen, dried, dried, while it does not lose its useful properties.

Cherries are used for cooking:

• compotes, jams, marmalade, preserves, tinctures;

  

  Everyone's favorite delicacy - cherry jam - is perfectly obtained from Vladimirskaya cherry variety

• decorations for desserts, pastries, cakes;
• as a filling for pies, additives in ice cream and confectionery.

Moreover, cherry is a medicinal berry. It contains many vitamins and minerals that:

• increase the defenses of the human body;
• have a beneficial effect on the nervous system, intestines, liver and kidneys;
• improve vision.

Reviews

Having planted Vladimirskaya cherries in the garden, it should be borne in mind that the variety is prone to fungal diseases and, in severe frosts, its buds can be damaged, which leads to a decrease in yield. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare plants for the winter cold and carry out preventive work to increase their immunity. With proper care, the plant will bear fruit abundantly and amicably.