Roofing Elements Made Of Metal Tiles, Including Their Description And Characteristics, As Well As The Ridge For The Roof, Its Structure And Installation

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 12:53

Description and characteristics of metal roofing elements

The popularity of metal roofs is due to their reliability, durability and beautiful appearance. Additional elements used for metal tiles differ in their shape, size and purpose. They are necessary to protect against dust and moisture getting under the roof, and also allow you to decorate the roof and give it a complete appearance. For the manufacture of roofing elements from metal tiles, the same materials are most often used as for the main coating.

Content

• 1 Basic elements of metal roofing

  • 1.1 Gutter holders
  • 1.2 Trough for water drain
  • 1.3 Eaves strip
  • 1.4 Abutment strip for metal tiles
  • 1.5 Roof end
  • 1.6 End plate for metal tiles

  • 1.7 Ventilation outlet for metal tiles

    1.7.1 Video: ventilation outlet for metal tiles

  • 1.8 Sewer outlet for metal tiles

  • 1.9 Output for antennas and electrical cables

    1.9.1 Table: diameter of bushings depending on their marking

  • 1.10 Features of metal as a roof covering

    • 1.10.1 Table: comparison of the characteristics of different coatings of metal tiles
    • 1.10.2 Video: what kind of metal tile do you need
  • 1.11 Lightning protection of metal roofing
  • 1.12 Sound insulation of metal roofing

• 2 Ridge for metal roofing

  • 2.1 Installation of a ridge for metal roofing

    • 2.1.1 How to attach a ridge to a metal tile
    • 2.1.2 Video: fastening the ridge to the metal tile

Basic elements of metal roofing

In order for the metal roofing to serve for a long time and reliably protect the roof and the house from the negative impact of external factors, all joints, abutments and cornices must be covered with special elements. They are usually made from the same material as the base covering and not only provide protection against leakage of the roof, but also significantly improve its appearance.

Additional elements allow to increase the tightness and durability of the roof, as well as to give it an aesthetic and finished look

When creating a roof made of metal tiles, it is imperative to use additional elements that allow you to solve the following tasks:

• increase the strength and tightness of the roof at the joints;
• hide the joints and give the coating an aesthetic look;
• protect the roof space from moisture, dust and debris;
• to give the roof the necessary performance characteristics, thereby increasing its durability.

In building stores, a large selection of additional elements for roofing from metal tiles is presented, which allow you to equip a roof of any complexity

Metal roofing elements are usually made of galvanized painted steel. When buying them, you can save money, for example, by using a product from ordinary galvanizing for the lower valley, and a part coated with polymer for the outer one.

Those elements that are located in plain sight must necessarily have a polymer anti-corrosion coating and correspond to the type of the main roof. So you can not only ensure the tightness of the roof, but also make the roof beautiful and attractive.

In order for the metal roofing to serve as long as possible, all joints and joints must be closed with additional elements

Gutter holders

Gutter brackets can vary in appearance and size, as well as the material from which they are made. The gutter holders can be made of plastic or galvanized iron with a protective polymer coating. Usually they are chosen to match the gutters, but they can also be of a contrasting shade - it all depends on the preferences of the owners.

There are three basic designs of gutter holders:

1. Long - have an elongated mounting plate, are mounted to the rafters or crate before laying the main covering.
2. Short - also look like a hook, the mounting base of which is aligned with the back. These brackets are usually installed after the roofing material has been laid and attached to the front board or to the ends of the rafters.
3. Universal - they are collapsible elements with a short holder and a removable strip, therefore they can be used at any stage of roof creation.

The correct choice of holders eliminates unnecessary steps and costs during their installation. For example, if a roof is being renovated, it is better to use short or universal holders. When erecting a new roof structure, long hooks should be preferred, as they provide a stronger and more reliable fixation of the gutters.

The method of fastening brackets for gutters should be selected based on the possibilities provided by the roof structure

It is better to purchase gutters and brackets for fixing them in one place and at once. The installation spacing for metal holders is 50-60 cm, and for plastic ones - 30-35 cm.

Water drainage trough

A metal roof, like any other roof, cannot function normally without gutters. These elements serve to collect and drain melt and rainwater from the roof surface.

Gutters differ in the material they are made of. For roofs covered with metal tiles, gutters from:

1. Metal. This is the most popular option, since they not only reliably drain water, but also have high strength, rigidity and durability. Such elements have a special coating that protects them from the negative effects of an aggressive environment, therefore, with proper operation, they will serve for 30 or more years. The disadvantage of metal products is their heavy weight.
2. Plastic. They are beautifully combined with both metal tiles and other types of roofing, they are not afraid of corrosion and are lightweight. They also have disadvantages: they make a lot of noise and can crack when the water freezes.

In cross-sectional shape, gutters can be:

• round;
• oval;
• square or rectangular.

If there is little rainfall in your climatic zone, then you should not purchase wide rectangular gutters. A universal solution is considered to be round products, the diameter of which is determined taking into account the region of construction.

Most often, round gutters are used on country houses, the diameter of which depends on the region of construction.

Eaves plank

The cornice strip is necessary to protect the frontal board from moisture. It is located under the edge of the metal tile and is installed on the finished crate just before installing the topcoat. This part of the roof is usually chosen in the color of the main roofing material, but sometimes people who prefer unexpected solutions install contrasting additional elements that sharply distinguish the building from a series of similar structures.

For the manufacture of eaves, steel sheets with a thickness of 0.4–0.5 mm are used. Plastisol or polyester is usually used as a coating. The standard length of the plank is 50-60 cm, their number is calculated based on the size of the roof and the amount of overlap.

The cornice strip is attached to the frontal board with self-tapping screws, which are screwed in in increments of 30–35 cm.

The eaves strip is attached to the frontal board with an inclination towards the gutters

Abutment strip for metal tiles

Another additional element is the abutment bar. It is necessary to ensure the insulation of the roof at the points of its abutment to pipes, ventilation shafts, parapets, etc. This element performs an important protective function, with its help a tight and reliable connection is created through which water cannot penetrate into the under-roof space.

There are two types of abutment strips: top and bottom. The lower bar is mounted under the metal tile, and the upper one is mounted above it. In addition, such elements can be straight, having an obtuse, acute or right angle of conjugation.

The junction bar is installed at the exit points of chimneys, ventilation shafts and similar elements

The abutment strips are made of sheet steel, usually they are taken in color with the main coating. Fastening is done with self-tapping screws with sealing washers. For additional sealing, a sealant or special seals are used.

Endova roof

Endova is an internal corner formed by the joints of the roof slopes. To protect this place, special additional elements are used, which are also called valleys. This is one of the main components that must be installed on roofs with a complex structure.

According to the method of installation, the valleys are divided into:

• lower (internal). The installation of this part is carried out before the installation of the roofing material;

  

  The lower endova is a mandatory element of a complex metal roof and is installed under the topcoat

• external (upper). This part of the roof has a decorative rather than a protective function, and is installed over the metal tile above the lower plank.

  

  The outer plank of the valley is more decorative than protective

By the type of connection of the slopes of the valley there are:

• closed. The part is mounted at the junction of the slopes and is covered with an overlapping roofing material;
• intertwined. This is a special case of a closed structure, when the elements of the roofing material are intertwined at the junction;

• open. In this case, the bottom strip is first laid, then the waterproofing coating, and then the decorative outer cover.

  

  For a roof made of metal, an open valley with a decorative top strip is most often used

For a roof made of metal tiles, an open valley is usually installed, in this case, water flows freely from the roof, and an additional layer of waterproofing is not needed

Experts recommend using valleys made of galvanized steel, painted in the color of the roof, with additional protection from a polymer coating. If you install an ordinary galvanized strip, then the valley will become the weakest point of the roof. Polymer coated elements are resistant to corrosion and have a significantly longer service life. The valley slats should be made of a stronger metal than metal tiles, since the load on them is higher.

End plate for metal tiles

The end or wind bar is an important element for a metal roof. It performs the following functions:

1. Protection of the edges of the lathing and under-roof space from moisture ingress. During the installation of metal tiles, gaps always remain on the side surface of the roof, and if they are not closed with an end plate, moisture and debris will get there.
2. Wind gusts neutralization. The presence of the end strip will not allow strong gusts of wind to tear off the roofing material.
3. Protection from insects and birds. The end strip tightly closes all the cracks, so insects and birds will not be able to enter the attic and the under-roof space.
4. Decorative function. The end strip not only protects the roof, but also improves its appearance.

For a roof made of metal, end strips made of metal are used. The sheet thickness is 0.4–0.5 mm; the required shape is given to the strip on a special machine. In addition, there are aluminum wind bars, they are more durable, but they also have a higher cost. You can also find products made of PVC, but they do not tolerate mechanical stress and temperature changes poorly, therefore, they are practically not used for a roof made of metal tiles.

The end strip protects the edges of the battens and the roof space from moisture, gusts of wind and gives the building a finished look

Ventilation outlet for metal tiles

Metal roofing protects the house well, but this material does not "breathe", therefore it is necessary to make high-quality ventilation of the under-roof space. For this, ventilation outlets are installed, which outwardly resemble small chimney pipes.

Ventilation of the roof space can be continuous or point. The organization of continuous air exchange is carried out before the tiles are laid. When using point ventilation, air flows are directed to specially equipped outlets, which are installed on the roof next to its ridge.

For a roof with an area of up to 60 m ², one ventilation outlet will be sufficient; for large roof sizes, several will be required. When the roof has a complex shape, ventilation outlets must be installed near each ridge.

The ventilation outlet must be installed at a distance of at least 0.6 m from the roof ridge

The location of the ventilation outlet is chosen at the discretion of the owner, but in any case, it should be no further than 60 cm from the ridge. It is not recommended to install two such elements on one sheet of metal tile.

When choosing a ventilation outlet, pay attention to the following points:

• the ventilation outlet cover in its profile must correspond to the profile of the roofing material;
• the colors of all roof ventilation elements must match;
• the kit must include fasteners, a template and overlays;
• the larger the pipe diameter, the greater the throughput of the element, but also the higher its cost;
• the presence of additional functions (this can be a built-in level that simplifies the installation process, a mechanical or electric fan) affects the ease of installation of the element and its price.

Video: ventilation outlet for metal tiles

Sewer outlet for metal tiles

If the house has a sewer system, it is imperative to provide for its ventilation, for which a fan pipe is installed. It is a continuation of the riser and is displayed on the roof. It is impossible to combine the fan pipe with the ventilation system of the house; it is also strictly forbidden to combine it with the chimney.

Sewer outlets installed on metal roofs are usually made of plastic, they have a deflector that allows you to more efficiently remove air. There are sewerage outlets with a built-in electric fan. Installation of these elements is carried out in the same way as for ventilation outlets.

The sewer outlet must not be installed close to windows or balconies

Output for antennas and electrical cables

If it is necessary to install the antenna in the places where wires pass through the roof, it is necessary to ensure tightness, for which special outputs are used.

Passage elements are universal and can be used both for metal tiles and for other coatings. They are made of elastic material, therefore they retain their shape and ensure tightness both under mechanical and thermal influences. An antenna or cable outlet retains its properties at temperatures from -55 ° C to +135 ° C.

The outlet for the antenna or electric cable has a soft base, which takes the shape of the profile of the metal tile and ensures a tight connection

There is a large selection of lead-through sizes, so they can be matched to any cable diameter. The flange of such outlets is made of soft material, it can take the form of metal tiles, corrugated board or other coating.

Table: diameter of passage elements, depending on their marking

Standard size	Diameter of the passage element, mm
No. 1	ø 6 ÷ 50 mm
No. 2	ø 32 ÷ 76 mm
No. 3	ø 50 ÷ 102 mm
No. 4	ø 76 ÷ 152 mm
No. 5	ø 102 ÷ 178 mm
No. 6	ø 127 ÷ 228 mm
No. 7	ø 152 ÷ 280 mm
No. 8	ø 178 ÷ 330 mm
No. 9	ø 260 ÷ 460 mm

Features of metal tiles as roofing

Metal tiles are one of the most popular and affordable roofing materials. The total width of a standard sheet is 118 mm, the usable width is 110 mm, and the length can vary from 0.5 to 8 meters. For the manufacture of metal tiles, steel with a thickness of 0.4-0.5 mm is used, and the thicker the sheet, the longer its service life and the higher the cost.

The service life of metal roofing is more than 60 years, it is non-combustible, durable, reliable and beautiful. Due to the wide variety of colors, this material can be used in any design project. For metal tiles, a large roof slope is not needed, only 14 degrees is enough, so it is used on single-slope, gable and other types of roofs.

The sheet of metal is processed with several layers of protective coating, which ensure durability and presentable appearance of the material

For the manufacture of metal tiles, galvanized or alumino-galvanized steel with a polymer coating is used, less often copper sheets are used. This is a lightweight covering, a square meter of which weighs in the range of 3.8-4.8 kg, so you do not need to make a massive rafter system and crate for it, which saves money.

For more reliable protection of the sheets, they are covered from below with a layer of varnish 7-10 microns thick, and on top - with a polymer layer 20-200 microns thick, which can be used as:

1. Polyester. This is the most common and cheapest polymer, which is glossy or matte, tolerates temperature changes well, but is afraid of mechanical damage.
2. Pural. It has a significantly higher strength than polyester, therefore it is not afraid of damage from snow or ice, it withstands chemical influences well and, if necessary, can be painted well.
3. PVC-based plastisol. The thickest and most durable coating that has an embossed surface, so the material treated with plastisol looks more like a natural tile.

Experts recommend choosing light-colored metal tiles, since they heat up less and fade less.

Table: comparison of the characteristics of various coatings of metal tiles

Coating	Polyester	Matt polyester	Plastisol	Pural
Surface	smooth	smooth	embossing	smooth
Coating thickness, microns	25	35	200	50
Primer thickness, microns	5-8	5-8	5-8	5-8
Protective varnish thickness (back side), microns	12-15	12-15	12-15	12-15
Maximum operating temperature, ° C	+ 120 °	+ 120 °	+ 60–80 °	+ 120 °
Color fastness	****	****	***	****
Resistance to mechanical damage	***	***	*****	****
Corrosion resistance	***	****	*****	*****
Weather resistance	***	****	**	****

In terms of the combination of properties, the best coating for metal tiles is pural

The main disadvantage of metal tiles is its noise during rain and low thermal insulation performance. Therefore, the roof made of this material must be insulated with heat and sound.

Video: what kind of metal tile do you need

Lightning protection of metal roofing

Lightning protection is a mandatory element for a metal roof. Lightning rods are connected through branches to ground electrodes using a welded or bolted connection. The presence of lightning protection allows you to reliably protect the house and all its residents from being hit by discharges during a thunderstorm. If this is not done, then a lightning discharge that has hit the roof can burn through in it, as a result of which the roof structure can catch fire.

Lightning rods can be of mesh, catenary wire and rod type. Their choice depends on the height of the building, the presence of tall trees and buildings nearby, but the main factor is the thunderstorm intensity of the area.

The most common type of lightning protection is a lightning rod in the form of a rod, which is connected to a ground electrode through current conductors.

Most often, a metal rod is mounted as a lightning rod, which is attached at the highest point of the roof; a conventional metallized cable is used for the down conductor. For a roof made of metal tiles, on each slope, you can simply attach two wires and ground them. For a one-story house, the ends of the wires are dug into the ground to a depth of 1.8–2 meters. This protection option is only suitable if there is a layer of non-combustible materials between the roofing metal sheets and the wooden elements.

On the metal roof, special traps can be installed, the thickness of which should be 4 times the thickness of the metal tile. It is recommended to install one 80x80 cm trap for every 10 m ^{2 of the} roof. However, it should be borne in mind that such a structure spoils the appearance of the roof.

Sound insulation of metal roofing

One of the biggest disadvantages of metal tiles is their low sound insulation. During heavy rain, noise will be heard in the attic and even on the ground floor of the house. To make living in such a house comfortable and safe, it is necessary to properly perform the soundproofing of the roof made of metal tiles.

The main reasons for the appearance of noise:

• improper installation of the lathing, when boards of different thicknesses were used, which is why it was not possible to achieve a tight fit of the sheets of metal tiles;
• insufficient number of fasteners, due to which it was not possible to achieve the required rigidity of the metal tile. For 1 m ^{2 of} metal tiles, 8 self-tapping screws must be screwed in;
• small angle of inclination of the roof - the smaller it is, the more noise will be.

To ensure the maximum level of sound insulation of a metal roof, the following measures must be taken:

• fix the sheets correctly using the recommended number of screws;
• for lathing, take boards of the same thickness and mount them in increments of 80–110 mm. It is necessary to lay the crate evenly so that there are no depressions and bumps;

• use soundproofing materials as part of the roofing cake.

  

  To ensure sound insulation of a metal roofing, you can use mineral wool, the layer thickness of which must be at least 20 cm

To provide sound insulation, you can use any materials, the sound absorption coefficient of which is greater than 0.4. For example, for mineral wool, it is 0.7-0.95.

Ridge for metal roofing

The ridge of the roof is the upper rib, in which two slopes converge. For its arrangement, a ridge strip is used, which provides ventilation and protects the under-roof space from the penetration of water, debris and foreign objects. For metal tiles, a ridge is used of the same color as the main coating.

The ridge is located at the very top of the roof, this is the first element that takes on the negative impact of natural factors. An incorrectly installed skate will lead to leaks. To fix it, you must use special screws with seals.

The ridge strip is located at the very top of the roof and protects the junction of the slopes from the penetration of water and foreign objects

To ensure maximum tightness, before installing the ridge strip, seals are mounted at the junction of the slopes. They can be self-expanding, profile and universal. The ridge strip can be straight, semicircular and mortise.

It is best to purchase metal tiles and accessories from one manufacturer. Installation of a ridge involves the use of such elements:

• ridge bar;
• lightning rod holder;
• ventilation tape;
• sealant;
• fastening elements.

Installation of a ridge for metal tiles

To perform these works you will need:

• fasteners with rubber washers;
• safety cable and ladder to properly fix on the roof;
• mounting belt;
• screwdriver;
• ridge bar.

It will be inconvenient to carry out the indicated work alone, so it is imperative to invite an assistant. Installation of the ridge strip is carried out in the following sequence:

1. Check the connection line of the slopes for evenness. An error of no more than 2 cm per meter of length is allowed, otherwise it will not work to install the ridge normally.

2. Regardless of the width of the ridge strip, seals are installed at the place of its abutment to the roofing to protect the under-roof space from moisture ingress.

   

   The ridge seal protects the roof from moisture and dust, but does not impede air penetration

3. Before attaching a semicircular ridge, plugs are installed on its ends.

   

   The ridge caps are installed prior to installation.

4. Glass wool is placed in the ridge groove, which will protect the roof from snow. It cannot be tamped tightly so as not to disturb the ventilation.

   

   Glass wool can be used to seal the ridge groove, but it cannot be stuffed strongly, otherwise ventilation will be disturbed

5. Installation of the ridge strip begins from the ends. On the metal tile, the ridge bar is attached to the level with the outer sheet so that there are no distortions.
6. The ridge is fixed with self-tapping screws.

7. If it is necessary to connect several planks, they are laid with an overlap of 5-10 cm.

   

   Ridge strips are mounted with an overlap of about 5-10 cm

How to attach a ridge to a metal tile

When fixing the ridge strip to the metal tile, self-tapping screws with a rubber head must be used. They are installed on the crest of a wave. Self-tapping screws cannot be tightened and installed very often or, conversely, rarely. With frequent installation of fasteners, the ridge bar will begin to bend in a wave. If they are rarely placed, the skate will not fit snugly and clap. It is necessary to choose the optimal middle, in which the ridge bar will sit tightly and evenly. This is done empirically, checking after a while the evenness and reliability of fastening the additional element to the roof surface.

Video: fastening the ridge to the metal tile

Despite the fact that the cost of metal tiles is quite affordable, the price of the used additional elements will be significant. Experts do not recommend saving on them, since only the correct use of high-quality accessories will make it possible to make a strong and beautiful roof that will reliably protect your home for many years.