Pear Marble: Description And Characteristics Of The Variety, Advantages And Disadvantages, Planting And Care Features + Photos And Reviews

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 22:26

Pear Marble - beautiful, tasty and disease-resistant

Pears are wonderful fruits and are a pleasure to have in your garden. But it is very important to choose from a variety of varieties suitable for growing in a particular area. After all, not all of them have high winter hardiness or drought resistance. If your garden is located in the Central or Central Black Earth District, you can opt for a beautiful, fruitful and delicious marble pear.

Content

• 1 Pear Marble - the best variety for the Moscow region

  1.1 Characteristics of marble pears - video

• 2 Advantages and disadvantages of the species

• 3 Landing features

  3.1 Planting pears - video

• 4 Tree care

  • 4.1 Description of irrigation features
  • 4.2 What fertilizers should be applied in order for the pear to bear fruit better?
  • 4.3 Cropping
  • 4.4 Tillage
  • 4.5 Preparing for winter

• 5 Pests and diseases

  • 5.1 Table: diseases and treatments

    • 5.1.1 Diseases of the pear in the photo
    • 5.1.2 Scab on a pear of Marble - video

  • 5.2 Table: pests and protection against them

    5.2.1 Pests of pears in the photo

• 6 Maturation, collection, storage and use of the crop
• 7 Reviews of gardeners about the Marble variety

Pear Marble - the best grade for the Moscow region

Pear variety Marble refers to early autumn ripening pears. It was obtained by breeders G. D. Neporozhny and A. M. Ulyanischeva at the Rossoshanskaya zonal experimental gardening station. Marble is suitable for cultivation in the gardens of the Central, Central Chernozem, Lower Volga and Volga-Vyatka regions, therefore it is suitable for cultivation in Voronezh, Moscow and a number of other regions.

The fruits of the Marble pear have an excellent presentation

The tree is medium-sized, with a broad-pyramidal crown and a weak ability to form shoots. The main branches are strong, upright or slightly sloping. The color of the bark of the trunk and main branches is greenish-gray, and the color of the shoots is red-brown.

Fruit ovaries are formed on ringlets growing on young shoots 2–4 years old. Smooth, glossy leaves have an ovoid shape and finely toothed edges, grow at an acute angle to the shoot. Inflorescences are formed by 8-9 small white flowers. Flowering begins earlier than other pear varieties.

Fruits of the Marble are of medium size (about 160-180 g), rounded-conical, smooth and even, with a thick skin and a thick peduncle. Coloring of pears is yellow-green with a "marble" orange-red blush.

The pulp is white or creamy, fragrant and juicy, with a pleasant sweet taste, melts in the mouth. It contains quite a lot of sugars - about 10.8% and 7.3 mg per 100 g of ascorbic acid mass.

Characteristics of marble pears - video

Advantages and disadvantages of the species

Advantages	disadvantages
early maturity	the tendency of flowers to freeze during spring frosts
increased resistance to powdery mildew and scab	strong crumbling of fruits in drought or wind
high yield	low level of winter hardiness
good taste and appearance of fruits and their high transportability

Landing features

Pears of this variety can be planted both in spring and autumn (20-30 days before the onset of frost). Best of all Marble feels on loamy soils. When planting in clay soil, be sure to add 1.5–2 buckets of sand and peat to the pit, and when planting in sand or sandy loam, put 1–1.5 buckets of clay on the bottom of the pit, and add 2–3 buckets of peat, humus or compost on top … For planting, it is advisable not to take seedlings older than 3 years - they take root worse.

Planting must be correct to ensure good development of the tree

Planting sequence:

1. Prepare a planting hole (0.7-0.8 per 1-1.5 m) at least 2 weeks before planting and fill it 2/3 with a mixture of a sod layer of soil with 2-3 buckets of compost or rotted manure, superphosphate and ash (0.8-0.9 kg).
2. In the center of the pit we strengthen a stake up to 1.5 m high. You can pour a couple of buckets of water to plant in the mud.
3. We place a seedling with pre-cut branches and roots in the hole and cover it with soil with constant gentle shaking (for good filling of the inter-root space).
4. We tie the trunk of the seedling to the stake - not tight so that the tree can settle with the soil, otherwise the root system will be exposed.
5. We form an irrigation hole and (if not planted in mud) moisten with 2-3 buckets of water.
6. We wait until the soil settles completely, and again firmly tie the tree to the peg.

Planting pears - video

Tree care

Proper pear care includes regular watering, feeding, pruning, and winter preparation.

Description of irrigation features

Watering can improve fruiting and increase the frost resistance of trees. Usually pears are quite resistant to drought, but Marble pears are sensitive to dry soil - they begin to shed fruits. This does not mean that abundant watering is needed, but the soil under this pear should be kept constantly moist. Depending on the weather, the pear needs to be moistened 5-8 times per season. Young trees in the first 2 years after planting are watered more often - 1 per week, then once every 2 weeks.

In addition to summer procedures, in which only the upper layer of the soil is moistened, for the winter, it is necessary to carry out water-charging irrigation, saturating the deep layers of the soil with moisture. This technique helps keep the roots of the tree from freezing until permanent snow cover is established. In addition, it allows you to start irrigation later the next year. It is carried out in November (at a rate of 8-10 buckets of water per 1 m ²).

What fertilizers should be applied so that the pear yields better?

To ensure optimal conditions for the growth and development of trees, it is necessary to regularly apply organic and mineral fertilizers, balanced in the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, taking into account their presence in the soil. Providing fruit trees with nutrients increases their resistance to pest damage and disease.

Mineral fertilizers can be applied together with organic fertilizers for digging the soil

Nitrogen fertilizers contribute to the growth of trees and an increase in yield, an increase in winter hardiness depends on potassium, phosphorus is important for the color of fruits and their taste. Just we must not forget that too much fertilization can harm instead of good.

Foliar top dressing with special fertilizers containing various amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and various trace elements is very useful for trees. In this form, nutrients are well absorbed by tree leaves. Processing should be 2-3 times. Foliar dressing should be applied before and during flowering, as well as when trees are depressed. Systematic application helps to increase the size of leaves and fruits. Feeding for pears affected by moniliosis is very important, since in them the fungus damages the vascular system and the supply of nutrients to the crown is reduced.

Pruning

Pruning fruit trees is an important technique that makes it possible to achieve regular high yields and improve fruit quality. This operation is recommended to be performed annually in order to increase the illumination of the crown and achieve its rapid ventilation in wet weather, as well as prevent outbreaks of diseases such as moniliosis, scab, powdery mildew (accordingly, the need for fungicide treatments will decrease).

Pear pruning must be done annually.

Sanitary pruning is done to remove diseased and dead branches, but it also has its own varieties. For example, during periods of outbreaks of monilial burn, a special phytosanitary procedure is required, in which fruit twigs, shoots, branches that have dried up from this disease are removed. It is carried out in the summer, a month after flowering, when they are clearly visible (it is very difficult to identify diseased kidneys in winter).

Since there are foci of infection on diseased branches, they must be immediately removed from the garden, without delaying until spring, as gardeners often do. Together with winter or early spring pruning, the trunks and main branches of trees should be cleaned from dead bark, since under it there are often hibernating pests - mites, aphid eggs, scale insects, and also causative agents of moniliosis, black cancer, etc. the number of aphids and suckers. If in the crown of the tree there are moths laying eggs, the wintering "nests" of the hawthorn caterpillars should be removed during pruning.

At the beginning of summer, to adjust the branches in the crown of the tree, a "green operation" is performed - breaking off excess young shoots and tops. This thinning facilitates the subsequent winter pruning, and also helps to lighten the crown, enhance its ventilation, and reduces the harmfulness of scab in the most dangerous period of the development of the disease.

Trees with moniliosis usually grow root shoots, which should also be removed during agrotechnical pruning. These shoots primarily affect various diseases, and the infection spreads to the crown of the tree.

Tillage

Regular loosening of the soil is necessary to improve moisture retention. In addition, keeping the soil under black fallow during the entire growing season increases the effectiveness of weed control, which takes moisture, nutrients from the tree, and, in addition, is an intermediate "home" for some pests. For example, spider mites feed on shrimp and field bindweed, and leafhopper larvae feed on various herbaceous weeds.

Preparing for winter

In winter, one of the main dangers is damage to the bark and shoots of the tree by rodents, therefore, from the onset of frost to the establishment of a permanent deep snow cover, poisoned baits should be laid in holes near the trees (from 1 to 3 times, every 10-15 days). If only common voles are found in your area, use Geltsin Agro (gel).

Young trees (up to 8–10 years old) need to be tied in autumn (bole and lower main branches) with various materials (reeds, spruce branches). If deep snow has fallen in winter, it is recommended to compact it near the trunk of the tree to protect against pests. At the beginning of the spring snowmelt, when thawed patches appear at the base of the tree, inspect the soil for the detection of habitable rodent burrows (if there are traces of food, then the burrow is inhabited). If you find such holes, re-scatter the poisoned baits near the tree.

One of the ways to protect against large rodents is to wrap the trunk with a net

You also need to beware of hares. Young trees are protected by coating the trunk with a mixture of clay and mullein in a 1: 1 ratio. It is advisable to add odorous substances to the mixture (creolin - 100 g per 10 l of water or carbolic acid - 50 per 10 l of water).

Pests and diseases

Although a distinctive feature of the Marble pear is its strong immunity against fungal diseases, especially scab, it is still worthwhile to include periodic inspection of the crown and trunk in tree care. This will help to timely notice the development of the disease and the appearance of pests.

Table: diseases and treatments

Name	The manifestation of the disease	Treatment and prevention
Scab	the bark shrivels and cracks; dirty brown spots appear on the leaves; leaf blades are deformed; dark spots are visible on the fruits; the shape of the pears becomes ugly	Pruning trees annually to improve ventilation. Cleaning and sealing of fallen leaves. Soil content of near-trunk circles under black steam. Treatment with biofungicides (Agat-25 K) or copper-containing fungicides.
Black cancer	the bark of the trunk and branches in the area of forks is covered with brownish-brown spots, which subsequently darken and sink in; the affected areas are covered with concentric circles with black tubercles	Pruning affected wood and disinfecting the wound with copper sulfate After pruning, treating trees with fungicides (for example, Benomil). Spraying in late autumn or spring before bud break with a solution of ferrous sulfate (concentration 3-4%).
Brown leaf spot (phyllostictosis)	leaves are covered with multiple small angular specks of brown color; black spore cushions grow on them	Digging up the soil in the fall. Destruction of fallen leaves with signs of disease. Treatment with 3% nitrafen in the early spring period. Summer spraying with Bordeaux mixture 1% concentration.

Diseases of pears in the photo

Fruits affected by scab completely lose their presentation

Black cancer causes the tree to dry out

Brown spot is especially dangerous for young trees, causing premature leaf fall

Scab on a marble pear - video

Table: pests and protection against them

Name	Pest manifestation	Control measures
Shield	brown or dark cherry bumps are visible on the trunk, trunk and branches, emitting a dark liquid when pressed; the affected shoots dry out.	Scraping the wintering scale insects from trunks and branches. Whitewashing with limestone with copper sulfate (0.1 kg per 1 kg of limestone). Treatment during the growing season with Talstar or Clipper preparations (2 times).
Hawthorn	leaves are eaten by caterpillars; wintering nests of leaves fastened with cobwebs appear on the tree.	Spraying during the growing season with BA-3000 as pests appear with an interval of 7-8 days, at a rate of 20-30 g per bucket of water Treatment with Bitoxi-Bacillin (60–80 g per bucket of water) during the entire growing season, except for the flowering time with an interval of 1 week.
Green aphid	the stalks and petioles are deformed; leaves curl up into a tube; young twigs dry up; a layer of insects can be seen on the affected parts of the tree	Weed control in near-stem circles. Destruction of aphid ants. Spraying 1-3 times during the growing season with a 0.2% solution of Fitoverm. Spraying once during the growing season with Akarin (according to the instructions).

Pear pests in the photo

As a result of the vital activity of the scale insect, the shoots dry out

Hawthorn eats leaves

Acarin and Fitoverm preparations help to get rid of green aphids

Ripening, collection, storage and use of the crop

Fruits begin to ripen in late August - early September. You can consume them maximum until the second decade of October. Shelf life is short - usually no more than 2 months, but these pears tolerate transportation well due to their dense peel.

Harvesting must be done carefully, not pulling, but breaking off the branch so that the stalks remain on the fruits.

One of the most delicious pear processing products is marshmallow

Carefully selected pears are kept free of mechanical damage and wormholes by putting them in a wooden or wicker container. Layers are shifted with paper or hay (you can wrap each pear in a newspaper). The storage temperature should be 1-3 ^° C.

Since Marble is considered a dessert variety, it is usually consumed in its natural form and in fruit salads. But it can also be used for making juices, compotes, preserves, marshmallows and other delicious homemade preparations.

Reviews of gardeners about the grade Marble

Gardeners' reviews are valuable material from which you can glean a lot of information about the behavior of various varieties of pears in different regions.

Pear Marble is quite resistant to diseases and moderately resistant to frost, but those wishing to grow it need to keep in mind the need for sufficient moisture supply for the tree. High yields and good quality fruits will reward gardeners for the hassle of growing this variety.