Pear Chizhovskaya: Description And Characteristics Of The Variety, Advantages And Disadvantages, Planting And Care Features + Photos And Reviews

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 22:26

Pear Chizhovskaya: tips for growing and care

Currently, many varieties of fruit trees have been bred, and gardeners often find themselves in a difficult position when choosing the best ones. A prominent place among such crops is the Chizhovskaya pear. This is a fairly common variety that has gained popularity due to the mass of positive characteristics.

Content

• 1 Description and characteristics of the pear variety Chizhovskaya
• 2 Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

• 3 Landing features

  3.1 The process of planting pears - video

• 4 Plant care

  • 4.1 Watering
  • 4.2 Fertilizers
  • 4.3 Cropping
  • 4.4 Spring Pruning Workshop - video
  • 4.5 Preparing for winter

• 5 Diseases and pests

  • 5.1 Typical diseases and methods of their treatment - table

    5.1.1 Diseases of the pear in the photo

  • 5.2 Pests and measures for their elimination - table

    5.2.1 Photo gallery of common pear pests

• 6 Harvesting
• 7 Reviews of gardeners

Description and characteristics of the pear variety Chizhovskaya

The Chizhovskaya pear variety has a good yield.

The variety is obtained by hybridization of pears Lesnaya Krasavitsa and Olga. Chizhovskaya was bred at the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev and is the result of the work of breeders S. P. Potapov and S. T. Chizhov.

The tree is of medium size, its height can vary from 1.8 to 2.5 m. At a young age, the plant develops a narrow crown. Leaf density is average. When the pear enters the fruiting stage, the crown takes on a conical shape. The bark of the tree is colored dark gray.

The shoots are slightly curved, in cross section their shape is round, the color is red or dark brown. The leaves are elongated, medium in size, have serrated edges. Painted green. There are curved veins in the central part of the leaves. The plate is of medium thickness, has a smooth surface. The buds have a conical shape and are colored dark brown. The flowers are cupped. White buds.

Pear Chizhovskaya has hard and juicy fruits

Unlike the popular Lada variety, these fruits have a typical pear-shaped shape, weighing 150-180 g (versus 110-115 g). They are covered with a thin, smooth, matte skin. The color of pears is yellow-green. Some fruits may have a pale pink spot. The fetus has small subcutaneous points. The seeds are brown in color, in one fruit there can be from 5 to 10 pieces.

The color of the pulp is white or light yellow, the structure is semi-oily, medium-term. The fruit has a delicate aroma, the taste is sweet and sour and not sugary. The pear contains 16.5% dry matter, 13.1% soluble elements, 9.1% sugars, 0.45% titratable acids. The taste of the fruit was noted during the tasting - 4.1-4.2 points out of 5.

The tree begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years. The harvested crop is not prone to overripe.

Also, the culture is immune to scab, a common disease among pear trees. This favorably distinguishes Chizhovskaya from other varieties, such as Medovaya, Somovskaya, etc. However, this culture does not tolerate drought, which is unusual for Lada. Because of this, it is necessary to intensively care for the tree in the summer.

Advantages and disadvantages of the variety

The main advantage of the variety is low shedding of fruits.

The benefits of a pear include:

• early maturity;
• high productivity;
• frost resistance;
• attractive presentation;
• great fruit taste;
• the ability to resist scab;
• low shedding of fruits;
• preservation of the appearance of fruits during transportation.

But the variety also has a drawback - the fruits decrease in size with the aging of the tree. At 15 years old, pears will weigh no more than 70–80 g, while at the beginning of the development of culture they reached 150–180 g. This process has its own explanation - an elementary lack of fertilizers due to an increase in the total vegetative mass of the tree. Regular feeding can improve the situation only to a small extent. Unfortunately, it will not be possible to achieve a global result.

Also, the pear does not tolerate drought, especially during the period of early development, when the root system is in the stage of formation. Therefore, gardeners recommend regular watering, leaving the stem of the tree and foliage intact.

Landing features

Planting pear Chizhovskaya occurs according to the standard scheme

The Chizhovskaya variety prefers slightly acidic soils. You can plant a crop in spring or autumn. This rule applies to most regions.

You need to start preparing the place in the fall. To do this, you need to do the following:

1. Dig a hole 1 m deep and 60 cm wide.
2. Then mix the excavated soil with 2 buckets of coarse sand and a similar amount of humus.
3. Add 1/3 cup potassium sulfate and 200 g superphosphate to the mixture.
4. It is recommended to add 2-3 kg of dolomite flour or lime to acidic soil.
5. Fill the planting site with nutrient and pour 2 buckets of water.

With the onset of spring, we start planting. The procedure must be carried out before bud break. The seedling should be 1–2 years old.

The process itself has the following features:

1. First, remove the dead branches from the seedling. Then place the plant in the prepared hole. At the same time, make sure that the roots are free. There should be no kinks and bends.
2. We leave the root collar above the soil surface. Sprinkle the plant with a small amount of soil and pour 20 liters of water.
3. We completely fill the hole with soil and compact well.
4. Now the pear needs to be watered again with the same volume of water.

Pear planting scheme

On the territory of the southern regions, the pear can be planted in the autumn. The procedure is carried out from early October to mid-November. In this case, it is not necessary to prepare the place in advance. A hole is dug just before the procedure, focusing on the dimensions that are used for spring planting. A bucket of humus mixed with 1 glass of ash is poured onto the bottom. Further, the procedure is performed according to the above-described method.

Pear Chizhovskaya belongs to self-fertile varieties. The presence of pollinating trees when growing it is not a prerequisite. But they will help to achieve higher yields. Trees are planted 3-4 m from the pear.

Pear planting process - video

Plant care

Watering

Watering for Chizhovskaya needs regular

A pear does not tolerate drought well and for full development the plant needs to be watered. During the first month after planting, the tree is moistened every 7–8 days. Further, it is enough to water the pear 3-4 times a season.

Fertilizers

Chizhovskaya needs periodic feeding

To get a plentiful and high-quality harvest, the pear must be fed. The procedure is performed in several stages:

1. The first top dressing is applied during the flowering period. At this time, the tree needs nitrogen-containing fertilizers. To prepare top dressing, saltpeter is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50. The solution is applied in a circle near the trunk. For 1 m² of soil, 30 g of nitrate is required. You can also use urea: 80-120 g of the substance should be diluted in 5 liters of water. The amount of fertilizer is calculated per tree.
2. After flowering, nitroammofoska is introduced under the pear: 1 kg of the substance is diluted in 200 liters of water. One tree needs 3 buckets of mortar.
3. The next feeding is carried out in the second half of June. During this period, nitrogen-containing compounds are also introduced. The procedure is carried out in the same way as for spring feeding.
4. With the onset of autumn, the pear begins to prepare for winter, therefore it needs mineral fertilizers. To prepare the mixture, you must mix 2 tbsp. l. granular superphosphate, 1 tbsp. l. potassium chloride and 10 liters of water. The solution is introduced into the trunk circle. The number of components is indicated for 1 m² of soil.

Pruning

Pear needs pruning to form a crown

The next step in crop care is pruning. The procedure is carried out in order to form the crown and provide the leaves with sunlight. Pruning is performed in the spring or fall.

In spring, pruning begins when the average daily air temperature is set at +8 ° C. Branches that grow parallel to the trunk are removed from the tree, are located at an angle of 90 ° and are directed towards the inner side. For the procedure, you can use a garden knife, saw, scissors or pruning shears.

Spring Pruning Workshop - video

In the fall, sanitary pruning is carried out, which involves the removal of diseased, unfruitful and old branches. The procedure is performed before the onset of frost - around October.

The damaged areas are treated with garden varnish. To prepare it, you need:

1. Combine 50 g of pine resin, 250 g of solid oil and 200 g of wax.
2. Put the container with these components on fire until they are completely dissolved.

Often, gardeners remove the lower branches due to lack of fruit, but this is a delusion. The most likely reason for the lack of pears is a lack of light. And this problem can be solved by removing unnecessary branches.

Preparing for winter

This pear is resistant to low temperatures. But shelter for the winter period will not be superfluous. You can start preparing from mid-October. The trunk circle is covered with vegetable tops and sprinkled with earth on top. This makeshift blanket will help minimize the negative impact of snow on the tree.

Diseases and pests

Typical diseases and methods of their treatment - table

Diseases	Symptoms	Control methods
Black cancer is a fungal disease that can lead to the death of the tree.	The formation of brown-violet depressed spots on the bark. Subsequently, they crack and acquire a black color. The bark becomes bumpy.	Removing the bark from the affected areas with a knife. In this case, you need to capture 2 cm of healthy tissue. Then the treated areas are disinfected with a 1% solution of copper sulfate and covered with garden varnish.
Fruit rot develops as a result of high humidity, caused by fungal microorganisms.	The appearance of brown spots on the fruits, which subsequently increase in size. Formation of pads with rot spores. The pulp of the fruit turns brown.	Destruction of affected fruits. Wood processing with 1% Bordeaux liquid. Spraying in autumn and spring with a solution prepared from 2 kg of lime and 10 liters of water. Post-harvest treatment with copper sulfate. The substance is diluted with water in a ratio of 100 g per 10 l (consumption: 3 l per tree).
Rust is a fungal disease.	The appearance of reddish or orange pads on the outside of the leaves.	Burning diseased leaves. Spraying the plant after flowering with Hom, 80 g of which is diluted in 10 liters of water (consumption: 4 liters per 1 tree). Treatment with 1% Bordeaux liquid after harvest.

Diseases of pears in the photo

Black cancer can lead to the death of a pear

Rust on the pear reduces its yield

Fruit rot is caused by fungi

Pests and measures for their elimination - table

Pests	Signs	Ways to fight
The hawthorn is a grayish-brown caterpillar with black stripes on the back.	Twisting and drying of leaves that pests feed on.	Treatment of the culture in mid-July with 0.2% Actellik or 0.5% Karbofos. Spraying in the summer with the drug Entobacterin (100 g per 10 liters of water, for 1 plant you need 3-4 liters). Processing is carried out 2 times with an interval of 7 days.
The goldtail is a white butterfly with a golden tuft of hairs in the lower abdomen.	The presence of caterpillar nests on the tree.	Spraying with an insecticide, for example, Aktara (1 package is diluted in 10 liters of water, consumption is 3 liters per 1 pear).
The ringed silkworm is a brown butterfly with a dark transverse stripe on the front wings. Caterpillars can eat all the foliage.	The presence of bracelet-shaped egg-laying on the shoots.	Destruction of silkworm colonies. Treatment with Entobacterin.

Photo gallery of common pear pests

Ringed silkworm lays eggs on shoots

The goldtail settles on the trunks of pears

The hawthorn eats pear leaves

Harvesting

Harvesting begins in August

The pear belongs to the mid-season varieties. Ripening begins in August, about 50 kg of fruits are obtained from one tree. Fruits are firmly located on the branches, and when dropped, they do not deform, and also do not lose their presentation. To rip off the fruit, you need to grab it with your palm, press your index and thumb on the upper part of the stalk and lift it. The fruit will be in the hand. First of all, the fruits are harvested from the lower part of the crown, then rise higher. For this it is recommended to use a ladder.

The fruits are removed into baskets, then they are sorted. For long-term storage, fruits with stalks without mechanical damage are selected. After sorting, the crop is transferred to boxes and transferred to storage. The most suitable place for this is a basement or cellar. Each layer of pears is shifted with straw or paper. Fruit should be kept at temperatures from 0 ° С to +1 ° С and humidity 85–90%. Under these conditions, pears are stored for 2–4 months.

The variety is versatile. Chizhovskaya fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, preparation of compotes, preserves and various desserts.

Gardeners reviews

Anna

https://www.critman.ru/reviews/grushachizhovskaya/otziv_dlyanachinayushchihsadovodov_441.html

borovchanka

https://forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=4937

GRUNYA

https://dacha.wcb.ru/index.php?showtopic=14388&st=260

Chizhovskaya pear is resistant to unfavorable climatic conditions, gives a high yield, fruits have high taste characteristics. Due to the culture's ability to withstand unfavorable factors, even a novice gardener can cope with growing a tree. But in order for the plant to fully develop, it needs watering, pruning and regular feeding.