Types Of Attic Roofs With A Description And Characteristics, As Well As Features Of Installation And Operation

2024 Author: Bailey Albertson | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 22:26

Types of mansard roofs for private houses and their features

Arrangement of an attic in a private house allows you to increase the usable area. For this, a roof is erected, the design of which can be different. Therefore, before construction, it is important to design that takes into account all the features of the roof.

Content

• 1 Characteristics of types of mansard roofs

  • 1.1 Gable roof attic

    1.1.1 Video: erection of rafters of a gable roof attic

  • 1.2 Shed roof attic

    1.2.1 Video: erection of a gable roof of a house

  • 1.3 Attic with a hipped roof

    1.3.1 Video: features of the construction of a hipped roof

  • 1.4 Hip roof with attic

    1.4.1 Video: phased erection of the hip roof attic

  • 1.5 Half-hip type roof

    1.5.1 Video: features of the device of a half-hipped roof

  • 1.6 Multi-gable roof attic

    1.6.1 Video: Creating a Multi-Gable Roof Valley

  • 1.7 Hipped roof of a house with an attic

    1.7.1 Video: features of a hipped roof on the example of a layout

  • 1.8 Attic under an asymmetric roof

• 2 Skylights: features of installation and choice of materials

  • 2.1 The main stages of work
  • 2.2 Photo gallery: mansard roof options
• 3 Features of the operation of mansard roofs

Characteristics of types of attic roofs

Mansard roofs of any type are designed to provide a functional and comfortable space instead of a conventional attic. At the same time, you can make an attic with different types of roofing, taking into account the peculiarities of the forms of structures. To create complex architectural objects requires experience and therefore it is worth building a simple, but no less spectacular mansard roof with your own hands, which is presented in many options.

A comfortable attic is easy to make, even under a complex roof

Before erecting a roof of any type, such parameters are calculated as:

• roof covering weight;
• rafter system weight;
• weight of steam, heat and waterproofing materials;
• weight of finishing materials;
• snow load typical for the region.

The calculation is carried out individually for each design. All mass indicators depend on the roof area, the type of materials selected, as well as their parameters. It is important to create a roof that can withstand wind and snow loads typical for the region of residence.

Gable roof attic

The simplest option for a mansard roof is a gable roof. This design has two slopes, connecting at the highest point and forming a ridge. This option does not require large construction costs, is reliable and durable, due to the small number of slopes and points of their connection. Gable options can be divided into two types: standard and pointed. In the first case, the slopes have the usual angle of inclination of 45 ° and are suitable for houses whose width is no more than 9 m.

A standard gable roof is easy to build and does not require much time

Pointed options are less popular than standard ones. This is due to the fact that such structures have a slope angle of 60 ° and are suitable for narrow houses, the width of which does not exceed 6 m. For the construction of a gabled roof, more materials will be required than for a standard roof. At the same time, the ceiling height in the attic is much higher, which is not always convenient.

Gabled roofs are spectacular in appearance, but impractical in operation

To erect a gable mansard roof, a hanging type rafter system is required, where the frame beams rest on each other on the roof ridge and are fixed to the load-bearing walls of the building. At the same time, there are no central supports that can be used when erecting a roof with a conventional attic, and not an attic. Before construction, you need to create an individual drawing of the future rafter system, indicating the location of each element. This process is best done with the help of professionals in this matter.

There is no central support in the hanging rafter system

It is worth considering that the useful area of the future attic depends on the angle of inclination and the parameters of the building. The wider the house is, the higher the slope of the slopes is required to ensure the attic ceiling height from 2.2 m, which is the minimum indicator for the highest point of the roof.

Before construction, it is worth determining the purpose of the attic and the required useful volume of the room

The main features of the gable roof attic are as follows:

• the standard version of the gable roof allows you to get more usable area than the gabled view;
• erection according to the drawing with ready-made dimensions of the elements is easy to carry out independently;
• any roof covering is suitable for a gable roof, for example, a metal tile or a soft roof;
• roofing cake includes vapor barrier, rafters, insulation, waterproofing, roofing.

Roofing cake requires the use of quality materials for comfort in the attic

Video: erection of rafters of a gable roof attic

Shed roof attic

One of the simplest types of mansard roofs is a shed roof, which has only one inclined plane. To equip a living space under such a roof, a rafter system is needed, the parameters of which should ensure comfortable operation of the attic. During design and construction, the roof slope is placed on the leeward side, and the optimal angle of inclination is 40 °. The volume of construction costs is much less than for a gable structure.

The pitched roof is easy to build and looks very impressive

The main feature of a single-pitched attic roof is that the load on the load-bearing wall from the side of the slope is greater than from the other. Therefore, during construction, it is important to observe an angle of inclination of at least 40 ° and additionally strengthen the rafters. This will avoid snow drifts and reduce the load on the surface. To determine the exact angle, take into account the type of roofing, snow load, building parameters.

A simple drawing and minimal calculation will ensure the creation of a comfortable attic

You can calculate the angle of inclination of the slope depending on the intended roofing. For a soft roof, a slope of 5 ° is recommended, for corrugated board - 8 °, for metal tiles - 30 °. When calculating the slope, the formulas L _bc = L _sd * tgA and L _c = L _bc / sinA are used, in which: L _bc is the length of the walls, measured between the rafters and the ridge, L _sd is the length of the walls of the building, Lc is the length of the beams (rafter leg), A is the accepted angle of inclination of the slope, according to the selected material. The tangent tgA and sine sinA are calculated using the Bradis tables.

Shed roofs are best suited for warm climates

The calculation takes into account the following features:

• if the slope is less than 30 ° and the span is up to 4.6 m, then the rafter legs rest on the Mauerlat;
• with a span of 4.6–16 m, additional supports are installed, and on the highest wall, a bed of timber with a section of 10x15 cm is laid;
• if the span is 6–15 m, then an additional bed is laid in the center, parallel to the walls;
• with a building length of more than 15 m, installation of two vertical supports is required, and the racks under one rafter are tied with a jumper. The step between the beds should not be more than 6 m.

Many parameters of the roof depend on the parameters of the building.

Video: erecting a shed roof of a house

Attic with a hipped roof

Thanks to the construction of a hipped roof, it is possible to obtain a spacious and comfortable attic. Several types of structures are called four-slope, among which a sloping mansard roof is especially common. This design has rectangular slopes along the length on each side of the house, consisting of two planes. This option allows you to get a spacious attic without significant construction costs.

The sloping roof can be fitted with a cuckoo with a window

The slope of the upper slopes can be 20–30 °, and the angle of the lower ones is often 60–80 °. Such parameters are suitable for buildings no more than 6 m wide. The frame of the structure consists of trusses, which involve strengthening the rafters with racks. In places where the side slopes break, stretch marks are installed.

The sloping roof belongs to the gable options, but is ideal for creating a spacious attic

The Danish roof is a kind of hipped roof and differs from the classic hip roof in that it has pediments in the upper part. Thanks to this, the attic can be equipped with vertical windows and prevent leaks through the cracks in the area of these openings.

Straight rafters rest on a ridge, the length of which depends on the parameters of the building

It is best to entrust the calculation of the four-pitched roof, as well as drawing up the drawing, to a professional. Only after these stages is the construction carried out, taking into account the location of each element.

Video: features of the construction of a hipped roof

Hip roof with attic

The classic hip roof assumes the presence of four slopes, two of which are located at the ends of the building and have a triangular shape. The other two slopes are trapezoidal. All surfaces are connected in the area of the roof ridge. The calculation of such a structure is complex and requires professionalism, knowledge of the intricacies of design.

The classic hip roof is practical in operation and beautiful in appearance

The highest ceiling height in an attic under such a roof is in the middle of the room. Corner space is not as functional as possible, but often serves to accommodate low pieces of furniture and things. In this case, the rafters of long slopes are equipped in the same way as for a gable roof. The ridge does not pass along the entire length of the building, since slopes are equipped at the ends.

The rafter system of the hip roof is simple, but an accurate calculation of the parameters of each element is required

The classic hip roof is characterized by the fact that it does not have gables, like a gable roof. Thanks to this, the wind resistance and snow load are significantly lower than when there are only two slopes. To achieve a spectacular appearance and functionality, the hip roof can be equipped with bay windows, a balcony, additional overhangs, but the arrangement of each element is calculated individually, taking into account the parameters of the building, the climatic characteristics of the region.

Windows equipped with a ledge with a roof are reliably protected from leaks

Arrangement of windows not on ledges, but on the roof is optimal only for regions with low rainfall and a warm climate. With a heavy snow load, windows are exposed to precipitation and cracks and leaks appear. And also the construction of a hip roof is more expensive than a simple gable roof.

Video: phased construction of a hip roof attic

Half-hip type roof

The half-hip type roof has shortened end slopes, combined with gables. Short hips do not reduce the height of the ceiling in the attic and therefore the room is more convenient for use.

A semi-hipped roof is more difficult to design than a hip roof

The design of a half-hip roof involves a more complex rafter system than for the hip version. In this case, the rafters can be layered or hanging. In the first case, the rafter legs rest on the ridge beam, the internal load-bearing walls of the house and the Mauerlat, and the hanging legs are fixed only on the Mauerlat and the ridge. The section, length and number of rafters are determined depending on the size of the roof. The optimal distance between the rafters is 50-60 cm, but it all depends on the weight of the roofing material, climatic factors.

The overhang can have different lengths depending on the functions assigned to it, for example, as a veranda canopy

The construction of a half-hip roof for the attic is characterized by a high consumption of building materials, the complexity of the calculation and the need for professional skills. It is worth considering that the end walls are erected depending on the shape of the future half-hip roof and the size of the hips, as well as the angle of inclination.

Video: features of the device of a half-hip roof

Multi-gable roof attic

A multi-gable roof is a complex of several corner projections that form the inner corners of the roof. This option is suitable for buildings with a large area, since the multi-gable roof is quite voluminous and requires stable load-bearing walls. The complexity of the design is complemented by the fact that an attic will be arranged under the roof, which requires a ceiling height of 2.2 m and a large usable volume of space.

Multi-gable roof with attic is a complex element requiring professional design

A large number of protrusions involves the construction of a rafter system, the weight of which is much greater than that of a gable or hip. Therefore, the load-bearing walls must be as strong as possible, and the calculation of the load is carried out after an accurate calculation of the weight of the roofing materials, rafters, insulation, taking into account the roof area.

The multi-girder rafter system is very difficult in both design and construction.

One of the main difficulties in erecting a multi-gable roof is that the inner corners and valleys of the roof must be carefully waterproofed and reinforced. This will ensure the strength, tightness and durability of the structure.

Video: creating a multi-gable roof valley

Hipped roof of a house with an attic

For houses of a square shape, a hipped roof is suitable, under which it is easy to equip an attic. The design has 4 or more slopes of the same size. The design of the hipped roof is carried out with the obligatory intervention of professional craftsmen, since the structure is very complex and requires an extremely accurate calculation of the weight of the roof, resistance to wind, and resistance to snow load.

Hip roofs are varied, but difficult to build on their own

The complexity of the hipped roof depends on the number of slopes. The more such elements, the more complex the rafter system, which is equipped under each slope. The highest ceiling height in the attic is in the middle of the room, and at the edges the space is not actively used due to the low ceiling.

The attic under the hipped roof has a small area

In the construction of the hipped roof, there are 4 main rafter legs, complemented by rafters. The presence of several inclined slopes reduces the wind resistance of the roof and minimizes the snow load. To calculate the length of the rafters, you need to determine the center at which the ends of the rafter legs will be connected. The distance between braces, racks and other parts is calculated individually.

Video: features of a hipped roof using the example of a layout

Attic under an asymmetric roof

Gable roofs are symmetrical as they have two identical slopes. If you lengthen one of the roofing surfaces, you get an asymmetrical roof, under which it is easy to equip an attic. Thus, it is possible to combine structures that are easy to build, giving the house an original look and equipping a functional attic.

When creating an asymmetric roof, it is important to accurately calculate the load and make it uniform on each load-bearing wall

Asymmetric designs, despite their simplicity, require accurate calculation of parameters. It is important to ensure an even load on each load-bearing wall, because one slope is longer than the other and, accordingly, has more weight. The central rib or ridge can be located both in the middle and be displaced in any direction.

Asymmetric roofing suitable for buildings up to 3 floors

When erecting an asymmetric roof, it should be borne in mind that the usable space of the attic on one side will be larger than on the other. Therefore, it is necessary to create in advance not only a drawing of the roof, but also a project of an attic with the location of functional zones.

Mansard roofs: features of installation and selection of materials

A living and functional attic must be carefully protected from moisture, cold and wind. Therefore, during construction, a roofing cake is constructed, which includes several layers, which provide an optimal atmosphere in the attic.

Roofing cake is a must for both attic and warm attic

When building a roof for a residential attic, the following features should be considered:

• the choice of high quality materials is a guarantee of durability and comfort of the attic;
• windows should be protected as much as possible from rain, wind and snow, since these openings are a vulnerable area of the roof;
• all wooden elements of the roof must be treated with an antiseptic or means to protect wood from moisture;
• roof ventilation is provided with a ventilated ridge, a ventilation gap between the waterproofing and the roofing;
• the use of lightweight roofing materials, for example, corrugated board and metal tiles, will reduce the load on the foundation and walls of the building.

The main stages of work

There is no universal instruction for the construction of a mansard roof, but there is a certain sequence of work. This allows you to carry out a phased construction of a roof with an attic and take into account some important points.

The roofing cake is created in stages using quality materials

The main actions are as follows:

1. In the design process, the parameters of the roof and each of its elements are calculated, for example, the calculation of the cross-section of the rafters, depending on their length, angle of inclination. A blueprint is created showing the location of each element.
2. After the design, the preparation and cutting of the rafters are started, the rafter legs and additional elements are being installed.
3. For fastening the rafters, a Mauerlat is required, which is made from a bar. The rafter legs are fixed to it.
4. After creating the frame, a waterproofing film is laid on it, strengthened with brackets and fixed with battens.
5. A roof covering is mounted on top of the lathing. In valleys or under a soft roof, continuous sheathing is required.
6. From the inside, a heater is placed between the rafters, for example, mineral wool slabs. Then a vapor barrier film is attached to the rafters, given that there must be a gap of 5 cm between the insulation and the vapor barrier for ventilation. If such a gap is not provided, you need to build up the rafters with additional boards.
7. After installing the vapor barrier, you can finish the attic.

Photo gallery: mansard roof options

Unusual architectural solutions can only be carried out by professional craftsmen

The semi-hipped roof can have windows protected by protrusions

The original roof requires a careful approach and competent calculation of parameters

Hip hip roof consists of two triangular and two trapezoidal slopes

The broken shape of the roof makes the attic spacious, and the house beautiful

Half-hip design is appropriate for a house of any number of storeys

The multi-pliers version is difficult to erect, but it has a solid appearance

The gable roof is simple and convenient to operate

A simple hipped roof has slopes connected in the middle

Features of the operation of mansard roofs

The roof should reliably protect not only the attic, but the whole house as a whole. Therefore, for construction, you need to choose high-quality materials that do not require careful maintenance. During operation, it is also worth following these rules:

• do not clean the roof from snow with sharp or very heavy tools, which can damage the coating and leak;
• external holes in the roof are timely sealed with materials that provide waterproofing;
• roofs of any type must be equipped with drainage systems for quick moisture removal;
• the interior decoration of the attic roof can be as light and simple as possible, which will provide quick repair in case of leaks.

Clapboard wall decoration - an environmentally friendly and relevant solution

Ensuring the reliability and strength of the roof is an important point in the arrangement of the attic, and therefore the construction of a mansard roof of any of the types presented requires careful design and selection of quality materials.